Дисертацію присвячено вирішеню важливої нуково­прикладної проблеми забезпечення технологічної, експлуатаційної й екологічної безпеки сучасних ЯЕРУ з ВВЕР, АР­1000 та з ММР, що є одним із найактуальніших питань розвитку сучасної ядерної енергетики України і світу. Визначено вплив систем охолодження АЕС на їхню екологічну безпеку в умовах глобальних кліматичних змін. Оцінено безпеку реакторів АР­1000 компанії Вествнгауз та ММР160/300 на основі яких планується розвиток української ядерної енергетики і порівняти її з сбоивостями та екологічною безпекою реакторів ВВР­1000. Розроблено методи та засоби для оцінювання рівня екологічної безпеки реакторів типу ВВЕР та надано пропозиції щодо його підвищення. Виконано моделювання екологічно небезпечних аварій з довготривалим знеструмленням ЯЕРУ з ВВЕР, моделювання режиму горіння біжної хвилі на епітеплових нейтронах. Оцінено можливість теплофікаційного застосування ММР на українських теплогенераційних малих станціях малої потужності.^UAccording to the PRIS database, 442 NPPs are currently in operation in the world and 56 NPPs are under construction. In the period of 2007­2021, 148 new NPPs were built, commissioned and continue to be under construction: ­ VVER/PWR ­ 128 units (86%), PHWR ­ 10 units (6.7%), BWR ­ 5 units (3.4%), FBR ­ 4 units (2.7%), HTGR ­ 1 unit (0.67%). Thus, the renewal of the world NPP fleet with VVER of the second­generation G­2 type by about 86% is also carried out through the construction of reactor power plants with VVER/PWR of the second generation G­2. At the same time, after the ecological and nuclear disaster at Fukushima­1 NPP, passive emergency cooling systems are used in new NPPs, for example, in NPPs with AR­1000 reactors of the third generation G­3 of the American company Westinghouse. At the same time, the pace of global construction and commissioning of new nuclear power plants has slowed significantly over the past 30 years. A significant reason for this was the protest mood of the world community, the presence of excess electric power capacities and competition in energy markets, low economic performance of operated NPPs with huge capital expenditures, very long construction of new NPPs, nuclear and environmental disasters at Chornobyl and Fukushima­1. However, despite all these and other drawbacks, many countries in Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and African regions are interested in creating and developing their own nuclear power industry. In Ukraine, a total of 13 NPPs are in operation at 4 NPPs, including VVERs of the G­2 generation, which are at the end of their design life. In the future, as stated by the President and the Government of Ukraine, Ukraine plans to build AR­1000 nuclear reactors of the American company Westinghouse and small modular reactors of the MR­160/300 type, and others at its NPPs. It is important to note that nuclear energy in its current form was created during the Cold War, when its main task was to develop nuclear weapons materials based on the uranium­ plutonium nuclear fuel cycle (U­PF). At the same time, the problems of nuclear and environmental safety were postponed to the future as secondary. However, against the background of numerous incidents, accidents and nuclear and environmental disasters at NPPs around the world, the world community has finally formed a new understanding in the last 20 years that the nuclear and environmental factor should be an indisputable, decisive and the most important imperative priority of modern and future nuclear power. However, today, Russian aggression and full­scale war against Ukraine have become a new additional dangerous and powerful factor of global influence on nuclear and environmental safety of the world nuclear power industry. Therefore, analysis of technological, operational and nuclear­environmental safety features of modern VVER, AR­1000 and SMR NPPs is one of the most urgent issues of modern nuclear energy development in Ukraine and the world.