У дисертаційній роботі в польових умовах та в умовах штучного зволоження грунту оцінено ростові та енергетичні характеристики клонів тополь та верб і запропоновано клони, перспективні для створення короткоротаційних плантацій. Оптимізовано протоколи поверхневої стерилізації та введення швидкорослих клонів тополь і верб в культуру in vitro та запропоновано схеми меристемної регенерації. Досліджено стійкість клонів тополь та верб до засолення поживного середовища хлоридом натрію. Проведено агробактеріальну трансформацію гібридної тополі (P. nigra × P. deltoidеs) генетичною конструкцією pAV04 та отримано лінію рослин, що містить ген 8-цинамілалкоголь дегідрогенази, експресія якого може збільшувати вміст лігніну в деревині. Наявність гена CAD в геномі тополі підтверджена за допомогою ПЛР аналізу.^UThe dissertation contains the study on creation of poplars and willows callus cultures, and genetic, physiological, hormonal and physical factors, which influence on the process of microclonal propagation of woody plants. The analysis of salt tolerance of poplar and willow was carried out and the perspectives of growing these trees in short-rotation plantations as an effective and environmentally safe source of renewable energy are shown in the paper. The objects of the study were poplar (Populus sp.) and willow (Salix sp.) clones, mainly of the Ukrainian breeding. In total, 24 clones of poplar and 10 clones of willow were investigated in current work. According to the intensity of the growth characteristics, the clones, which are perspective for cultivation in short-rotation energy plantations, have been determined and the productivity of plantations for analyzed clones has been calculated. The results show that the cultivation of the poplars ‘Kanadska × Balzamichna' and ‘Keliberdynska' and the willows "Zhytomyrska-1" and "Zhytomyrska-2" in short-rotation plantations can produce 30-70 GJ of heat and 8-19 MWh of electrical energy from 1 ha after the first growing season. In this dissertation study, 5 clones of poplars and 5 clones of willows, which are perspective for using as a renewable energy source, have been introduced into in vitro culture and multiplied by microclonal propagation. Plants for introduction into the in vitro culture have been selected based on the results of experiments on the test plots. The conditions for surface sterilization and introduction of plants into in vitro culture have been proposed and the effectiveness of the methods were 78% and 93%, respectively. The schemes of the direct regeneration of the plants from leaf, stem and petiole segments were developed for two poplar ('Novoberlinska-7' and 'Lubenska') and two willow clones ('Zhytomyrska-1' and 'Olympiyskiy vohon'). The ability to direct regeneration depended on the combination and concentrations of growth regulators and kind of plant's segment. In order to compare salt tolerance, aspen (Populus tremula), hybrid poplar clone 'INRA 717-1B4' (P. tremula × P. alba) and willow clone 'Olympiyskiy vohon' (Salix alba × S. fragilis) were analyzed under in vitro cultivation on the medium with sodium chloride added in concentrations 25, 50 and 100 mM. The results demonstrated that the salt tolerance significantly varied in different genotypes. In hybrid poplar clone 'INRA 717-1B4', intensity of growth activity has been decreased after long-term cultivation under all investigated concentrations of sodium chloride. In aspen plants, significant decrease of the intensity of shoot growth by 94.3% compared to the control was found only after two months of cultivation, then concentration of NaCl in media was 100 mM. Intensity of willow growth was not affected at any experimental treatment by sodium chloride. A statistically significant decrease of the intensity of root formation after the 1-st and 2-nd months of cultivation was shown only to aspen clones planted on the culture medium with 100 mM of sodium chloride added. In general, willow clones demonstrated higher intensity of root formation than poplar clones. As a result of the Agrobacterial transformation of poplar clone with the pAV04 construction, the plants with the gene of cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase (cad) were obtained. It is expected, that the plants transformed by pAV04 will increase the content of lignin, what may improve mechanical and biotic stress resistance. A search for ecologically convenient technologies for energy production is becoming more important due to the constant increase in anthropogenic environmental load. In the study a mathematical model has been developed to evaluate the total pollutants emission to the environment from using fossil (natural gas, coal) and renewable (wood biomass) sources of heat production. A new approach for comparative quantitative evaluation of environmental emission of hazardous substances composition has been proposed. It was shown that total pollutants emission in the environment from using different fuels significantly increased in rank: wood → natural gas → coal, mainly because of increasing carbon dioxide emission.