Дисертаційне дослідження присвячене вивченню характерних психофізіологічних та нейрофізіологічних особливостей біопотенціалів мозку та різниці у прояві роботи кори головного мозку при різних поведінкових ситуаціях. Було встановлено, що в егоїстично спрямованих осіб переважали процеси синхронізації, а в альтруїстично спрямованих осіб – процеси десинхронізації. В альтруїстично спрямованих осіб виявлено активацію на стимули різного значення у фронтальних відведеннях, а локалізація джерел збудження кори головного мозку в егоїстично спрямованих осіб знаходилася в ділянці задньої та передньої поясної звивини та острівцевій частці. Визначено, що в осіб із егоїстичним та альтруїстичним соціотипом був різний час прийняття рішення залежно від типу стимулу. Особи із альтруїстичним соціотипом затрачали більше часу для переробки інформації та прийняття рішення.^UThe dissertation is devoted to the study of differences in the manifestation of the work of the brain of people with different social orientation by recording the electrical activity of the cerebral cortex. The analysis of literary sources has shown that the issues of social interaction are broadly defined in the context of different approaches. Most researchers have considered that decision-making is determined by the work of relatively independent systems in the brain, while the interaction of "cognitive" and "emotional" decision-making mechanisms determines the degree of rationality of human behavior. We analyzed that selfish social behavior arises at the initial stage of early emotions, which are related to the activity of the first system, whereas altruistic social behavior is reflected in the involvement of mechanisms of the second system and is associated with a conscious emotional assessment of its actions.Individuals with selfish sociotype spent more time choosing an altruistic stimulus, while individuals with an altruistic sociotype spent more time choosing selfish stimuli. Surveyed with a predominance of altruistic type of social behavior, they generally spent more time choosing incentives than those with a predominance of selfish type.The synchronization and desynchronization response in the subjects surveyed was most pronounced in the alpha and beta range. In general, in selfishly oriented individuals, the reactions of synchronization prevailed, and in selfishly directed individuals, the reactions of desynchronization. While in altruistic-directed individuals the activation of the stimulus of different values prevailed in the frontal leads, and the localization of activation sites in selfishly directed individuals was in the region of the posterior and anterior lumbar gyrus and islet lobe.The obtained neurophysiological and behavioral data indicate the different nature of the subjective response to stimuli, by their type opposite to the sociotype of the study. Persons with selfish sociotype are better expressed synchronization processes, and individuals with an altruistic sociotype, on the contrary, are better expressed desynchronization processes. These effects are manifested in the EEG alpha and beta ranges for stimuli, which by their type are opposite to the sociotype of the subjects.Methodological techniques used in the work can be used during psychophysiological diagnosis of persons with different types of social behavior. With knowledge of the spectral characteristics of the electrical activity of the cerebral cortex in individuals with different sociotype, biologic feedback training can be used to improve social interactions. The research results were introduced into the educational process of the Department of Human and Animal Physiology of the Eastern European National University during the teaching of the courses "Human and Animal Physiology", "Psychophysiology", "Electrophysiology", "Physiology of Higher Nervous Activity"; Lutsk Pedagogical College in the preparation and teaching of lectures on the courses "Human Physiology", "General Physiology", "Anatomy and Physiology of Children with Fundamentals of Genetics and Fundamentals of Medical Knowledge and Health"; Specialized School І-ІІІ degrees №1 in teaching discipline "Biology" and social-psychological service in the assessment and characterization of social interactions of high school students. The results of the study are used to prepare specialists in the biological and psychophysiological profile in other educational institutions of Ukraine.