Universal circuit solutions applicable for the practical realization of counters in any 2r-scale of notation are offered. One of the ways of the active redundancy increasing speed and reliability of digital devices is the synthesis of codes and scales of notation with permanent bit. The represented method guarantees the single errors detection and provides more high exactness of counter's operation. Counters' synthesis with integrated system of information control also decreasing complexity of these devices realization.

Індекс рубрикатора НБУВ: О76-082.05

Рубрики:

Газопроводи

Шифр НБУВ: Ж24320 Пошук видання у каталогах НБУВ 

Purpose. To evaluate the change in free energy in the transition from the nonequilibrium state of the rock to the equilibrium. This process implements the process of dynamic brittle fracture on the structural defects of the rock as a micro-inhomogeneous medium. Methodology. It included conducting, within the framework of statistical thermodynamics, a series of experimental studies on the density and velocity of propagation of longitudinal and transverse acoustic waves in sandstone samples under different loading conditions. Findings. According to the experimental data on the velocities of propagation of longitudinal and transverse acoustic waves for a number of sandstones at different loading modes, the values of mechanical and thermodynamic parameters characterizing the state of rocks are established. A comparative analysis of the frequency dependences of free energy on the value of the Poisson ratio is carried out. Originality. A model of a thermodynamic system is proposed that describes the energy-activated process of transition of rock from a nonequilibrium state to equilibrium during external perturbation by surface acoustic waves. The possibility of estimating the degree of slow dynamic destruction by the Debye temperature is revealed. The mechanism of dissipation of internal energy on structural defects of the system, with the transition of its part into thermal motion of structural elements, is substantiated. Practical value. The technique for investigation of thermodynamic state of non-ideally elastic rocks by methods of nondestructive testing is developed. The correlation between the mechanical parameters of the rock and the characteristics of the process of its transition from the nonequilibrium state to the equilibrium is established.

Розглянуто задачу створення моделі передачі та перетворення інформації, розглянуті процеси перетворення інформації в передавачах та приймачах, розглянутий процес дії дестабілізуючих факторів на канал зв'язку. Об'єктом дослідження є процес формування, передачі та відновлення радіосигналів. Метод. Запропоновано математичну модель, яка дозволяє оцінити стійкість сигналу в каналі зв'язку ще на етапі проектування телекомунікаційних систем різного призначення з урахуванням дії завад в середовищі передачі інформаційного сигналу. Проведено оцінку дії завади на канал зв'язку завдяки використанню співвідношення сигнал/шум. Запропоновано метод визначення параметрів інформаційних сигналів у каналі зв'язку та підвищення пропускної здатності під час дії зовнішніх завад на середовище передачі сигналу в каналі зв'язку. Результати. Була отримана математична модель каналу зв'язку, яка враховує зовнішні дестабілізуючі фактори, які можуть діяти на канал та апаратуру зв'язку. Розроблена модель містить метод верифікації, який дозволяє визначити її коректність. Висновки: вдосконалено метод передачі інформації шляхом додавання методу верифікації. Значення бітової помилки, що було отримано під час моделювання каналу зв'язку співпадає зі значенням бітової помилки під час процесу верифікації, що свідчить про правильність розглянутої математичної моделі каналу зв'язку. Тому цей метод моделювання каналу зв'язку може бути рекомендованим для використання під час проектування та дослідження телекомунікаційних систем.

This paper addresses the issue of developing a computerized system for processing informa-tion in the construction of the trajectory of an unmanned aircraft vehicle (UAV), a remotely-piloted aviation system (RPAS), or another robotic system. Resolving this task involves the neural network learning algorithms based on the mathematical model of movement. The construction of such a trajectory between two specified destinations has been considered that provides for the possibility of bypassing static and dynamic obstacles. The specified trajectory is divided into several smaller parts. The possibility of restructuring when changing the position of obstacles in space has been considered. A UAV flight control algorithm has been developed, which implies training a neural network for bypassing obstacles of different sizes. To predict the development of the situation when an object moves between two specified points in space, it is proposed to use the Q-Learning algorithm. It has been shown that the smallest number of steps required for moving along a specified trajectory is 18, the largest is 273 steps. In case of distortion during data transmission, the training of the neural network makes it possible to reduce the possibility of collision with obstacles by improving the accuracy and speed of information transfer between the on-board computer and operator. A system of the video support to moving objects was modeled; dependence charts of the normalized frame size at different parameter values were built. Using the charts makes it possible to determine the function of the maneuver intensity. Existing neural network learning methods such as CNN and LSTM were compared. It has been proven that the success rate reaches 74 % when using CNN only, while it amounts to 92 % at the hybrid application of CNN + LSTM. The simulation results have demonstrated the high efficiency of the developed algorithm.

The object of the research is a measuring current transformer of the electromagnetic type, which is used as part of the electricity metering unit. The current transformers functioning in the mode of reduced primary current is accompanied by significant errors. The existence of such a regime for a long time due to downtime of production equipment leads to a significant underestimation of electricity. This leads to unjustified financial losses for energy supply companies as electricity in many countries has become more expensive. The static characteristic of the measuring current transformer at a reduced load of the metering unit is described by a linear statistical model. The parameters of the model are estimated on the basis of empirical data using methods of covariance analysis. The adequacy of the model is confirmed by analysis of regression residuals. The obtained statistical model of the static characteristic, unlike the known ones, is characterized by universality, as it describes current transformers with an arbitrary transformation ratio within the studied accuracy class of 0.5S. The uncertainty of the current error is estimated using the prediction intervals for the transformers secondary currents as a function of the primary currents, calculated on the basis of the obtained model. The prediction intervals for sample values of the current error were obtained through the application of the proposed approach for uncertainty estimation of such an error at a reduced load of the metering unit. It was found that the current error can reach -20 %. Taking into account the indicated intervals for measuring current transformers at a reduced load of the metering unit during billing will allow energy supply companies to increase the accuracy of commercial electricity metering.

The object of the study is a three-phase commercial electricity metering unit for 380 V electrical grids. The uncertainty of electricity measurement in the reduced load mode is estimated by the relative deviation of the active energy, measured by the metering unit, from the actual value. The specified deviation is considered as the value of relative deviations on measuring channels, weighted by phase currents. The method of estimating the uncertainty of electricity measurement by one channel of the metering unit is based on the approach to estimating non-random uncertainty using the fuzzy set theory. The parameters of membership functions for the relative deviation of the metering unit readings are estimated at fixed levels of the channel current. Approximation of such functions for different current levels allows you to obtain a set of boundaries of the L-R type fuzzy function corresponding to a set of confidence levels. This allows determining the impact of the load phase current on the measurement uncertainty if the amount of empirical data is limited. The mathematical model for estimating the uncertainty of electricity measurement at reduced load using a fuzzy function was refined. The proposed model differs from the known ones by taking into account the influence of load values for each phase of the metering unit on the measurement uncertainty indicators. The method for determining the membership function and the marginal confidence level, which characterize the uncertainty of energy metering by the metering unit, is proposed. The mathematical modeling results are confirmed as adequate to the experimental data. The proposed model for estimating the measurement uncertainty allows estimating the level of underestimation and clarifying financial calculations between the seller and the buyer of electricity.