Purpose. To establish links between the main parameters of geophysical methods of mineral prospecting (electrical resistance, scattering intensity of gamma radiation, rate of elastic waves, etc.) and the gas content of coal seams as well as to give practical recommendations on the economic efficiency of industrial methane extraction from the unrelieved coal seams. Methodology. The research employed the statistical methods of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, which allow us to determine the response function of the areas with increased gas recovery on the impact of geophysical fields. Originality. The theoretical explanation of a number of effects, such as the dependence of specific electrical resistivity, scattered gamma radiation and velocity of elastic waves on the thermodynamic parameters of the investigated medium have been obtained. Practical Value. The thermodynamic approach to the solution of geophysical problems allows us to give a theoretical explanation to a number of effects, such as the dependence of specific resistivity, scattered gamma radiation, and elastic wave velocities on the methane content in coal seams. The solution of these problems results into the technological chain of methane production, detection of high gas content areas, gas production and utilization.

On the base of Karaganda State Technical University (Kazakhstan) programs for computer support have been developed and introduced into the educational process promoting formation of professional competences of mining students while studying humanities. Purpose. To achieve quality changes in the process of forming professional competences of mining experts. To reorient the content of the variable part of humanities for mining specialties taking into account professional needs of students. Methods. They are based on developing and introducing the programs for computer support of teaching humanities (history, philosophy, sociology, political science, cultural science) in the educational process to form professional competences at mining students. Results. The results of the carried out experiment are presented which permit drawing a conclusion of quality changes in the course of forming professional competences of experts for the mining complex while using profession-focused programs of computer support in the educational process. Scientific novelty. The process of forming future miners' professional competences alongside with specific course units is for the first time carried out when studying humanities. Practical importance. As a result of the obtained data when studying humanities, positive dynamics is observed in the course of forming professional competences of mining students which is expressed in the positive relation to the profession and representatives of the professional community; understanding the public mission of the technical profession; understanding the social responsibility for adoption of technical and technological decisions; forming the attitude towards themselves as to professionals.

Purpose. Development of models, algorithms, and conveyor scales of new generation by modern design and element base, ensuring accuracy class (1 - 0,5), using modern methods of information processing and analysis, as well as development of weighing systems for conveyors having a short length and operating under high dynamic loads and shocks. Methodology. Methods of thermodynamics and analogies for design, analysis parameters and functioning of measuring systems are used. New software of microprocessor controls and top-level ability to instantly analyze the state of the object and to control actuators of dosing devices timely and accurately has been developed. Findings. The model and algorithm of dynamic weighing by conveyor scales have been proposed connecting the measuring device with parameters of material to be weighed and the environment. A new generation of conveyor scales by modern design and element base are created. Originality. First, models and algorithms of measuring systems using the method of analogy and nonequilibrium thermodynamics have been developed. On the basis of these models the cost-effectiveness and feasibility of their design, heredity, life cycle, vitality and resources are evaluated. Practical value. To improve the efficiency of transportation of ore, coal and other bulk material conveyor scales of a new generation were created using modern design and element base. New models of information-measuring systems, dynamic weighing and conveyor scales are proposed. The first generation of automated electro tensoresistive conveyor scales complex is used at enterprises of Kazakhstan: Iron and Steel Works JSC "Mittal Steel Temirtau", JSC "Kazchrome" Donskoy, Aktobe Ferroalloy Plant, Aksu Ferroalloy Plant, Mining Group Kazmarganetc, Sokolov - Sarbay Mining and Processing Production Association (SSGPO), Eurasian Energy Corporation (EEC), etc.

Purpose. To evaluate geodynamic processes of copper-ore deposits of the central and south-eastern regions of Kazakhstan which are spatially separated and different in genesis. Methodology. We use the new U-Pb (zircon), Re-Os (molybdenite) dating and older K-Ar (biotite) data obtained from the use of the conditional analysis by biotite (K2O >> 7 %) only. Findings. Based on the latest dating of rocks and ores of copper-porphyry deposits of Central Kazakhstan and Western Zhongar (China), a new model of the emergence and development of the copper-ore province is proposed. Originality. A model of the origin and development of the Central Kazakhstan copper-ore province, uniting the fields of different origin, age and ore potential in a single ore-magmatic system is developed. The model of porphyry copper deposit formation (accumulation-transportation - sag) perfectly explains the different genesis of the Central Kazakhstan coeval deposits. Practical value. Within the Central Kazakhstan copper-ore province is a priority object for a detailed study, based on the fact that according to statistics, about 85 % of copper-porphyry, and 100 % of copper-skarn ores occur either in magmatic rocks or in contact to them.

Purpose. Studying the age and structural relationships of the Irtysh shear zone with the Kalba-Narym zone, determining the age and geodynamic position of crystalline rocks at high temperatures and moderate pressures of the Irtysh shear zone. Methodology. Analysis of literature and stock materials; field research; sample preparation; carrying out isotope studies using SHRIMP-2 and LA-ICP-MS technology; determining small elements by the fusion method using ICP. Findings. Detailed geological, petrographic and geochemical studies made it possible to identify three independent metamorphic complexes of the Irtysh shear zone, to determine their age and to establish the geodynamic position of the complexes of the Irtysh shear zone. Originality. The age of the main magmatic and metamorphic complexes developed in the central part of the Irtysh shear zone has been determined; SHRIMP-II, LA-ICP-MS technologies of foreign laboratories have been used; by the results of new dating the geodynamics of the Irtysh shear zone has been corrected. Practical value. From the standpoint of accretion tectonics, using up-to-date isotope dating methods, an attempt has been made to consider the geodynamics of crustal geoblocks ("terrains") and to find continuation of ore levels and ore belts of some terrains in the other ones.

Індекс рубрикатора НБУВ: Д451.711

Рубрики:

Берилій

Шифр НБУВ: Ж16377 Пошук видання у каталогах НБУВ 

Purpose. Substantiation of an economically feasible method for developing the Kusmuryn deposit. Methodology. Analysis of literature and stock materials; studying physical and mechanical properties of rocks and ores. Findings. To improve economic performance and to reduce the cost of concentrate at the Kusmuryn deposit, the mining system is being changed. To replace the chamber-and-pillar development system, which allows extracting all the available reserves, a more effective model was introduced: development of inter-chamber pillars with a high metal content. The authors proved the expediency of development by the open method using the development system with horizontal layers with the goaf stowing. Originality. Calculating the technical and economic indicators of the three mining options allowed selecting the most effective mining method at the Kusmuryn deposit. In order to prevent underground fires, a layer caving system with siltation of crushed rocks is recommended. For disseminated ores, the usual method with collapsing overlying rocks is applicable. Practical value. Based on the studies, recommendations were developed for the Kazakhmys Corporation. They are referred to reducing the open pit mining at the Kusmuryn field in 2019. This stabilizes the achieved production level and compensates for retiring functioning facilities associated with the field. The introduction of underground mining is recommended from 2021.

Purpose. Studying the distribution of impurity elements in the coals of the Shubarkol deposit to assess their geochemical specialization, as well as to forecast their industrial potential. Methodology. The research methodology is based on the results of analytical studies carried out by the instrumental neutron activation (INAA) method, as well as microscopic studies carried out on the basis of the nuclear-geochemical laboratory of the Department of Geoecology and Geochemistry of National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University. These data became the basis for establishing the patterns of distribution of impurity elements in coals. Findings. It is found that the coals of the Shubarkol deposit are geochemically specialized in Ba, U, Au, Yb, Ba, Cd, La, Nd, Ce, Zn, Sc, Sr, Zr. The weathered coals of the Eastern section of the deposit contain concentrations of Ce, Ba, Yb, U, Sc, Au that are higher than those in the Central and Western sections and reach industrially significant amounts. Recommendations are given for the extraction from the coals of uranium and rare-earth elements of the yttrium group having industrially significant contents. Originality. Regularities of the impurity elements distribution using the methods of INAA and microscopy are established; the potential of coals as an unconventional source of a number of chemical elements is determined, and the possibility of their complex extraction is evaluated. Practical value. It consists in substantiating the possibility of the integrated use of coal from the deposit, which ensures the development of the country's coal industry.

Purpose. Studying geological formations of the Atasu type deposits to identify prospecting criteria. Methodology. Analysis of literature and fund materials, comparative analysis of geological factors characteristic of stratiform ores, stage formation and metamorphism. Findings. The main features characteristic of the deposits of the Atasu type have been formed: their belonging to the lower strata of the Upper Famennian, Upper Devonian to the Visean stage of the Lower Carboniferous; complex composition of ferromanganese and polymetallic ores formed in three hydrothermal stages (sedimentary, metasomatic and vein ones), stratiform, lenticular, localized near volcanic edifices. Originality. The main geological criteria have been established that determine the belonging of the Uspensky ore belt in Central Kazakhstan deposits to the stratiform deposits of the Atasu type formed at different depths in continental rift valleys. The criteria include the age interval of the formation of ore deposits of the stratiform type, hydrothermal staging of mineralization (sedimentary, metamorphic, metamorphic (hydrothermal, dislocation multistage and dynamothermal)); localization of folded and post-folded subvolcanic intrusions near former volcanic edifices. Practical value. The main prospecting geological criteria (features) established for the Atasu type deposits can be used to form a feature space for predicting the areas of mineral deposits localization of the Uspensky ore belt of Central Kazakhstan formed in close time periods, in similar geological-geochemical, thermodynamic and geodynamic conditions.

Purpose. To study the features of the paleotectonic development of the area and to construct paleotectonic reconstruction of the deposit formation to establish the nature of impurity elements accumulation in the coals and enclosing rocks of the Shubarkol deposit, as well as to increase the mineral resource potential of coals. Methodology. 25 samples of coal and mudstone from the Shubarkol deposit were analyzed. The samples were studied by instrumental neutron-activation analysis (INAA) at the Nuclear Geochemical Laboratory of National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University. Findings. An analysis of geological-structural and paleotectonic formation conditions of the Jurassic coal deposit was carried. The factors of formation of coal and carbon-containing rocks enriched with impurity elements and the conditions needed for its leaching and transportation to the coal seam were analyzed. It was found that the coals in individual samples have average concentrations of Ce, Ba, Sr, Sc, Zn that are higher than the clarke, and Sm, Ce, U, Cr, Yb, Ba, Sr, Nd, As, Sc, Zn, Eu, La in the composition of mudstone have average values that are higher than in coals, and higher than the clarke. It was established that one of the sources of rare-metal mineralization of coals (peat) in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic times were the rock massifs of the Kokchetau uplift in the north and northwest, the Kaptyadyr, Arganatinsk and Ulutau mountains in the west. They form the chain of the Kokchetau - North Tien Shan ancient folded structure and the Central Kazakhstan (Devonian) volcanic-plutonic belt in the east. They surround the sedimentation basin and serve as suppliers of clastic material during the coal-bearing strata formation due to tectonic processes of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic time. Originality. The paleotectonic development of the Shubarkol deposit area during the coal-bearing formation has been reconstructed. It has been established that the Sarysu-Teniz uplift in the Permian-Triassic is separated into an independent block, to which the studied deposit is spatially and genetically related. It has been established that the distribution of elements in the coals of the Shubarkol deposit is determined by the peculiarities of metallogeny, geochemistry of the framing area and the mechanisms of the elements entering the coal seams. Practical value. A purposeful analysis of materials for the peculiarities of high concentrations of impurity elements accumulation in coal in connection with deep fault zones at the Shubarkol deposit serves as an objective justification of the possibility of their integrated use, ensuring the development of the country's coal industry.

Шифр НБУВ: Ж16377 Пошук видання у каталогах НБУВ 

Purpose. Studying the geological features of large industrial "Atasu type" ore objects. Methodology. Critical analysis of literature and stock materials, comparative analysis of geological factors characteristic of stratiform ores, stages and peculiarities of formation depending on the processes of volcanism, analysis of the results of isotope dating of rocks. Findings. Participation of volcanism (magmatism) processes in forming deposits of ferromanganese and barite-polymetallic ores of the Atasu type was minimal. It was expressed only in the development of a dissected pre-Famennian paleorelief favorable for the accumulation of metal-bearing silts and in the development of local hydraulic seals, which made it possible for the metal-bearing waters to circulate. Magmatic formations are protrusions of more ancient pre-Famennian Givetian - Franian volcanic structures. Originality. The pre-ore age of subvolcanic intrusions partially confirmed by the results of determining the absolute age, from the samples taken in the quarry of the Ushkatyn-deposit that amounted to 373 +- 4 million years, which corresponds to the middle of the Frasnian stage. The presence of three Atasu type ferromanganese deposits in the amagmatogenic Aidagarly graben-syncline also confirms this hypothesis. The genesis of deposits of the Atasu type is considered as sedimentary-hydrothermal one, associated with the processes of diagenesis and catagenesis. Practical value. Predicting the possibility of finding deposits of the Atasu type in graben-synclines throughout the entire area of the Devonian volcano-plutonic belt.

Purpose. Studying the genesis and position of the Zhailma trough in the tectonic structures of Central Kazakhstan. Methodology. Critical analysis of literature and stock materials, comparative analysis of geological, geophysical and morphological factors characteristic of continental rifts, features of the formation of volcanic graben synclines, analysis of the results of isotope dating of rocks. Findings. The Zhailma graben-syncline is not an independent structure of the rift origin. The formation of Zhailma is associated with the general evolution of the Sarysu - Teniz segment of the Devonian volcano-plutonic belt. The formation of the Zhailma graben syncline is associated with subsidence after ejections of significant masses of felsic magmatic material. Originality. The authors carried out a comparative analysis of the geological, geophysical and morphological data of the Zhailma structure with similar data characteristic of modern continental rifts. As a result of the analysis, it was established that the rift genesis of Zhailma remains controversial. This structure developed simultaneously with the Devonian volcanic-plutonic belt, and is genetically related to the processes of volcanism. The authors suggest that Zhailma is a volcanic graben-syncline. Practical value. Over a long period of studying the structure, an opinion was formed about the futility of the Sarysu-Teniz segment of the Devonian volcano-plutonic belt for the identification of industrial deposits. An exception was the Zhailma trough, which is a unique Famennian-Carboniferous sedimentary structure in terms of ore saturation, containing significant reserves of iron-manganese, barite-polymetallic and barite proper ores. In this connection, the authors consider it practically important to study the existing graben-synclines in the area of the Devonian volcano-plutonic belt in order to identify industrial deposits of the Atasu type.

Індекс рубрикатора НБУВ: Д453.3-2

Рубрики:

Вугілля

Шифр НБУВ: Ж16377 Пошук видання у каталогах НБУВ 

Purpose. Studying the features of the Zhailma volcano-tectonic depression formation, as well as the principles and factors affecting this structure's ore formation. Methodology. Analysis of the results of isotope dating of rocks, critical analysis of literature and fund materials, analysis of the genesis and specificity of the Zhailma structure mineralization, features of the volcano-tectonic depression formation. Findings. The Zhailma graben syncline formation is associated with subsidence after ejections of significant masses of acidic magmatic material from stratovolcanoes concentrated on the Zhailma structure. The initiation and development of the graben-syncline is closely related to the processes of tectonomagmatic evolution of the Devonian volcano-plutonic belt. Originality. The search model for stratiform deposits of the Atasu type has been revised, taking into account the original theory of the volcano-tectonic origin of the structure, formed at the final stages of the formation and development of the Devonian volcano-plutonic belt. The genesis of the Atasu-type deposits is considered as sedimentary-hydrothermal one, associated with the processes of diagenesis and catagenesis occurring within sedimentary basins. The presence of two large volcanoes on the northern side of the caldera structure was substantiated: North Zhairem and Ustanynzhal. Practical value. It is recommended to carry out predictive metallogenic and, accordingly, prospecting work for deposits of the Atasu type within the graben-synclines of the Sarysu - Teniz segment of the Devonian volcanic belt, where such deposits of ferromanganese ores as Tur, Bogach and Karaadyr are already being developed in the Aydagarly graben-syncline.

Шифр НБУВ: Ж16377 Пошук видання у каталогах НБУВ