The level of pollution of the bottom sediments in the Northwest shelf of the Black Sea is examined. Modern data are compared with those of the late 20th century and their variability over 30 years. Substantial increase (by two orders) of copper, lead and nickel concentration has been marked.

In the paper we present the results of an advanced investigation of dynamics of variations of the atmospheric pollutants (sulphur dioxide) concentrations in the air basins of Polish industrial cities (Gdansk region) by using the improved non-linear prediction and chaos theory methods. Chaotic behavior of the sulphurous anhydride concentration time series at two sites in the city of Gdansk has been computed. As usually, to reconstruct the corresponding chaotic attractor, it is necessary to determine time delay and embedding dimension. The former is determined by the methods of autocorrelation function and average mutual information, and the latter is calculated by means of the correlation dimension method and algorithm of false nearest neighbours. Further, the Lyapunov exponents' spectrum, the Kaplan - Yorke dimension and the Kolmogorov entropy and other invariants are calculated. An existence of a low-D chaos in the cited system is confirmed and using polynominal algorithm with neural networks block allows making an improved short-term forecast of the atmospheric pollutant fluctuations dynamics.

Індекс рубрикатора НБУВ: Е0*801.1-652.151

Рубрики:

Загальна біологія

Шифр НБУВ: Ж44108 Пошук видання у каталогах НБУВ 

The level of pollutant in river and reservoirs water in Ukraine is rather high. The assessment of the modern state of water resources in the different regions had been done. In generally it was determined that water infrastructure in Ukraine needs reconstruction. New State Program of Water Management Conception and new Law about water management up to 2020 had been approved. Nine basins committees were organized. Committees are composed of representatives of science, practical specialists and the public. The main directions of this Program were supported by World Summit on Sustainable Development.

We develop the elements of a new generalized approach to natural air ventilation of the industrial city. It is based on the Arakawa-Shubert and Glushkov models which allow to give a quantitative reliable modelling an unsteady turbulence in the urban area and atmospheric ventilation dynamics. To calculate the air circulation for the cloud layer arrays, penetrating into the territory of the urban area, we apply the methods of a plane complex field theory. The method allows to calculate the convection parameters and shifting cumulus cloud ensemble from surrounung regions. An advanced mathematical method for modelling an unsteady turbulence in the city's area is developed and applied. As illustrative example, we apply our approach to computing the ventilation potential and current function for typical (quite simplified) sinopticl situation for the territory of the Odessa city.

We present elements of the formal mathematical approach to the analysis, modeling and further prediction of the nonlinear dynamics of chaotic systems based on the methods of nonlinear analysis and neural networks. As the object of studing is the environmental radioactivity dynamics. Using such a combined method is proposed for the first time in the environmental radioactivity dynamnics studying. Use of the information about the phase space in the simulation of the evolution of the physical process in time can be considered as a major innovation in the modeling of chaotic processes in the complex systems. This concept can be achieved by constructing a parameterized nonlinear function F(x, a), which transform y(n) to y(n + 1) = F[y(n), a], and then use different criteria for determining the parameters a. Firstly to build the desired functions it is offered using the wavelet expansions. Further, since there is the notion of local neighborhoods, we can create a model of the process occurring in the neighborhood, at the neighborhood and by combining together these local models to construct a global non-linear model to describe most of the structure of the attractor.

The tutorial allowence to outline the teaching of the various issues and processes impacting on water systems must assume that the student has a background up to third year university science with a speciality in a natural science. Even though the course would be of benefit to social sciences and related disciplines a simple knowledge of science is required.

It is the scientific justification of the regional programme of the municipal solid waste treatment (MSW) with the example of Odessa region which will promote the increase is environmental safety of the population, reduction of the negative impact on the environment by the improvement and modernization of the existing system of MSW treatment with final achievement of a "zero waste" state due to the transfer of the maximum amount of waste into the liquid secondary raw materials, alternative source of energy and environmentally-friendly organic-mineral fertilizer. Such approach differs essentially from the existing developments of regional programmes of MSW treatment and has a scientific - methodical and practical value.

One of the main environmental polluters, especially in large cities of Ukraine, is road transport. In particular, road transport is one of the main sources of persistent organic pollutants in the environment. Therefore, monitoring of air pollution by road transport is one of the most relevant questions in Ukraine, especially considering its intentions to join the European Union. Analysis of the regulatory and legislative frameworks of Ukraine shows that, unfortunately, today, there are no regulatory documents that motivate to reduce the load of mobile sources, including road transport, on the environment. Moreover, even though the only methodology for calculating pollutant emissions from mobile sources expired in 2015, no new methodology has been developed yet. This paper calculates the masses of pollutants formed during the combustion of gasoline and diesel fuel, and proves the necessity to take into consideration persistent organic pollutants when assessing the toxicity of exhaust fumes, considering their cumulative effect and half-life. The calculation was performed according to European and national (Ukrainian) methodologies, which are supplemented by the calculation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans formation. Using the relative hazard factor, the relative masses of these substances are calculated, the obtained masses of all components of the exhaust fumes are ranked, the contribution of each component to the toxicity of emissions is revealed. Using emission factors, the specific emissions of these persistent organic pollutants during the combustion of diesel fuel, gasoline, liquefied and compressed gases are calculated. By the results, the types of organic fuels with the highest priority for use by mobile sources are identified.