Запропоновано підхід для визначення раціональних параметрів ємнісного накопичувача енергії (ЄНЕ) для рухомого складу метрополітену, суть якого полягає у визначенні максимальної потужності та енергоємності бортового ЄНЕ за аналізом терміну окупності систем накопичення. Встановлено, що для заданих умов експлуатації рухомого складу метрополітену раціональним є впровадження ЄНЕ, максимальна потужність якого складає 1000 кВт, а робоча енергоємність - 3 кВт-год.

In view of the stage-by-stage increase of electricity tariffs, further development of metro rolling stock is impossible without application of modern energy saving technologies and energy efficient systems. Purpose. Further development of metro rolling stock equipped with regenerative braking systems with regard to increase in its energy efficiency due to introduction of an on-board energy storage units of capacitance type with account of changes in daily operational condition. Methodology. Three approaches for determination of parameters of on-board capacitive energy storage are suggested based on the results of experimental research studies, and also using the statistical methods of data processing, analysis and probability theory methods. The suggested approaches include successive implementation of the following combined stages: a choice of operation area and a model of metro rolling stock, determination of normal daily operational environment, experimental research on energy power processes during different daily operation of rolling stock, mass-data processing, histograming and determination of on-board capacitive energy storage parameters using the suggested criteria. Findings. Energy power processes were registered under normal daily operational conditions of rolling stock equipped with regenerative braking systems on Sviatoshynsko-Brovarska line of PU "Kyiv Metro". Instantaneous and average energy power and an amount of electric power for each regenerative braking process of a train were measured. According to the results of mass-data processing, probabilistic characteristics are built in the form of histograms of the density distribution of average power and regenerative energy amount within three suggested approaches. Major technical parameters of on-board capacitive storage, i. e. nominal and maximal power, operational and total energy capacity are determined with the aid of the above-mentioned approaches for specified operational conditions of the metro train. Originality. For the first time approaches for determination of parameters of on-board capacitive energy storage for metro train according to the analysis of distribution density of average power and amount of regenerated electricity are proposed. Research on determination of parameters of on-board capacitive energy storage for metro rolling stock with brake regenerative systems got further development. Practical value. The suggested approaches can be used for construction of metro rolling stock with on-board capacitive energy storage.

Одним із ключових і недостатньо вивчених питань за умови впровадження бортових ємнісних накопичувачів енергії (БЄНЕ) в метрополітені є визначення їх раціональних параметрів (потужності та енергоємності). Проаналізовано існуючі методи та підходи щодо вибору параметрів БЄНЕ. Визначено недоліки для кожного методу та підходу. Обгрунтовано необхідність розробки підходу, який би надав можливість повною мірою врахувати фактори впливу реальних умов експлуатації поїзда метрополітену. Існуючі методи та підходи щодо вибору раціональних параметрів мають недоліки та не враховують повною мірою фактори реальних умов експлуатації поїзда метрополітену. Запропоновано комплексний підхід, який враховує зазначені фактори впливу та надає можливість здійснювати вибір раціональних параметрів БЄНЕ за двома показниками: масою та вартістю системи накопичення. Визначено раціональні параметри БЄНЕ для заданих умов експлуатації поїзда метрополітену з використанням комплексного підходу. Розраховано кількість заощадженої електроенергії за рахунок впроваджень бортового накопичувача з раціональними параметрами. Результати досліджень можуть бути використані під час проектування, створення та впровадження рухомого складу метрополітену з БЄНЕ, а також під час експертної оцінки кількості заощадженої електроенергії.

Purpose. Analysis of existing technical solutions for management of energy exchange processes on traction electric stock with on-board energy storage devices and search for the rational one among them. Research on energy exchange processes and estimation of the amount of saved electricity during the application of various technical solutions. Methodology. The work provides a comparative analysis of existing technical solutions for control of energy exchange processes on traction electric stock with on-board energy storage devices. The advantages and disadvantages of each of the existing technical solutions are formulated. The nature of the flow of energy exchange processes is determined and the amount of electricity is estimated by directly connecting the on-board energy storage to the traction motors and through a static reversible converter of controlled type for the specified operating conditions of the electric stock and accepted assumptions. Findings. It is determined that a static reversible converter of controlled type with inductive or capacitive power dispensers is the most rational and energy efficient device for controlling the charge and discharge processes of an on-board energy storage unit on electric stock. Originality. The theory of the use of energy storage devices on electric stock, which, unlike the existing ones, allowed determining the amount of saved electricity for the cycle of "regenerative braking - acceleration of the train" depending on the type of connection of the on-board energy storage and its energy intensity. Practical value. It is found that the control of energy exchange processes in the energy storage system by applying a static converter of controlled type is more rational. It is determined that for control of energy exchange processes on traction electric stock with on-board energy storage devices, the most rational and energy efficient one is the use of current-reversed pulse-width converter with inductive or capacitive power metering unit. The obtained research results can be used by industrial enterprises in the design and creation of innovative electric stock in order to increase its operational characteristics.

Purpose. Justification of the need for electrical energy quality technical accounting based on the results of monitoring a 10 kV traction substation transformer mode. Methodology. Measurements of the current and voltage at secondary busbars of a 10 kV traction substation and monitoring of the electrical energy parameters in the observation interval were carried out. Using the Fourier analysis methods, a current and voltage harmonics level was analyzed. For the current and voltage fundamental harmonic, the positive, negative and zero sequences components are analyzed using the Fortescue transformation. Based on the secondary voltage side current discrete spectrum, the calculation of power loss growth in cable line and transformer windings was carried out. Findings. As a result of measuring the electrical mode parameters on the transformer secondary voltage busbars, a significant distortion of current and voltage, as well as significant fluctuations in active and reactive power, were established. During the observation interval, significant changes in the power factor are noted. Based on the calculation of additional losses from current higher harmonics in the cable line, it has been established that the current load of the line can be reduced by 10 % while eliminating the current higher harmonics. A similar calculation of loss growth carried out for the traction transformer showed that in the analyzed case its load should not exceed 87,8 % of the nominal one. Originality. A significant level of harmonic current distortion on secondary voltage busbars of the traction transformer leads to its underutilization, whereas the voltage distortion level, as an electrical energy quality indicator in accordance with current standards, remains within the permissible range. This requires a revision of electrical energy quality indicators, from the standpoint of power, which is due to both current and voltage. Practical value. The indicators obtained as a result of calculations can be used to correct the load of traction substation transformers. The introduction of the obtained indicators into the set of parameters for electrical energy technical metering is a prerequisite for the development of measures to improve the electrical energy quality.

Purpose. Substantiation of the methodology for calculating an indicator characterizing the pulsating current power distortion. Methodology. When analyzing the power of direct and alternating sinusoidal currents, the features of the ratio of a root-mean-square norm to its mean value, known as the invariance power factor, are noted. In this case, the root-mean-square power value acts as a normalizing parameter. Using a combination of direct and sinusoidal (pulsating) current, the dependences of the invariance power factor on the ratio of direct and alternating components are obtained. Findings. Taking into account the interaction of the current and voltage components of different frequencies, the corresponding power component is highlighted, called "interference power". With its use, by analogy with the invariance power factor, the interference power factor is introduced. The interference power factor behavior for AC non-sinusoidal current circuit and DC pulsed current circuit of rectifier was investigated, as a result of which a difference was established in the interference power factor dependence in these circuits. Originality. The obtained dependences of the interfere power factor on the ratio of DC and AC components for current and voltage prove the versatility of its application for assessing power distortion in both DC and AC circuits, as proved by the example of a circuit with a single-phase controlled rectifier. Practical value. The results obtained can be used to assess the electrical power distortion level in electric complexes and systems of various kinds of current and kind of energy, including when it is taken into account. This is a prerequisite for the measures development to improve the electricity quality.