In photographs Karl Marx and Abraham Lincoln both look the part of the respectable Victorian gentleman. But they were almost diametrically opposed in their attitude toward what was called at the time the social question. Lincoln happily represented railroad corporations as a lawyer. As a politician he was a champion of free wage labor. Karl Marx, on the other hand, was a declared foe of capitalism who insisted that wage labor was in fact wage slavery, since the worker was compelled by economic necessity to sell his defi ning human attribute—his labor power—because if he did not, his family would soon face hunger and homelessness.

Кл.слова:
капіталізм -- демократія -- політологія

Children of almost any age can break the law, but at what age should children first face the possibility of criminal responsibility for their alleged crimes? This work is the first global analysis of national minimum ages of criminal responsibility (MACRs), the international legal obligations that surround them, and the principal considerations for establishing and implementing respective age limits. Taking an international children's rights approach, with a rich theoretical framework and the vitality of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, this work maintains a critical perspective, such as in challenging the assumptions of many children's rights scholars and advocates. Compiling the age limits and statutory sources for all countries, this book explains the broad historical origins behind most of them, identifying the recurring practical challenges that affect every country and providing the first comprehensive evidence that a general principle of international law requires all nations, regardless of their treaty ratifications, to establish respective minimum age limits.

Кл.слова:
дитина -- законодавство -- кримінальна відповідальність

Ruling the World?: Constitutionalism, International Law, and Global Governance provides an interdisciplinary analysis of the major developments and central questions in debates over international constitutionalism at the UN, EU, WTO, and other sites of global governance. The essays in this volume explore controversial empirical and structural questions, doctrinal and normative issues, and questions of institutional design and positive political theory. Ruling the World? grows out of a three-year research project that brought twelve leading scholars together to create a comprehensive and integrated framework for understanding global constitutionalization. Ruling the World? is the first volume to explore in a cross-cutting way constitutional discourse across international regimes, constitutional pluralism, and relations among transnational and domestic constitutions. The volume examines the core assumptions, basic analytic tools, and key challenges in contemporary debates over international constitutionalization.

Кл.слова:
конституція -- право

Publishers, journalists, and authors can be sued for violating legal standards thousands of miles away from where they work. This book, written primarily for journalists and editors, but of use to their lawyers, explains risks publishers should understand prior to publication, steps to take to avoid legal conflicts, and available defenses in the event of a claim. This new second edition of International Libel and Privacy Handbook is an updated nation-by-nation summary of libel and privacy law written by local practitioners in an easy-to-use reference format covering Europe, Asia, the Middle East, and the Americas.

Кл.слова:
право

The 2011 Global Study on Homicide has been conceived to provide a unique overview of the ultimate crime. The picture it paints is of a phenomenon marked by large disparities in distribution, demographics, typologies and mechanisms.

Кл.слова:
вбивство -- злочинність

Policymakers are engaged in a continuing, thorough reexamination of how national and state governments regulate areas ranging from telecommunications to the environment. So extensive is the questioning of the familiar, and so daring some of the proposed and actual changes, that the movement deserves the term revolution. In this volume Robert W. Hahn shows how a deeper understanding of the economic and social impacts of regulation is fueling the regulatory revolution. People are becoming more aware that regulations impose costs on individuals, even if those costs are hidden from view, as is the case with most regulation. Changes in the economic benefits and costs of regulation that technology has induced are also driving the revolution. Those technological innovations increase the cost of maintaining the existing regulatory structure and thus create pressure for change. Hahn demonstrates how improvements in monitoring outputs and behavior are propelling the revolution. We need, Hahn asserts, to examine the revolution in regulation not only in terms of its impact on national economies, but also in terms of its potential international effects. For example, stringent regulation of the environment in one country may induce firms to relocate to other countries. In addition, product specifications introduced under the guise of protecting consumers may give domestic producers a competitive advantage. Thus, regulation can dramatically influence the pattern of international trade and investment. The international ramifications of domestic regulation are likely to increase in importance as markets become more global. Hahn points out that just as nations have attempted to coordinate their activities to reduce direct trade barriers such as tariffs, they may also need to coordinate some regulatory activities that distort patterns of trade and investment.

Кл.слова:
державне регулювання

International and supranational integration on the European continent, as well as the harmonisation of the rules of international trade and the accompanying development and global popularity of the resolution of commercial disputes through arbitration, constantly exerts a considerable influence on modern legal systems. The sources of each of these phenomena are different, and their action is dissimilar. Each can be described as reaching either from the top to the bottom, through the direct involvement of interested states and consequently affecting their internal legal systems (international and supranational integration; harmonisation of trade regulations through public international law instruments), or bottom-up, as a result of activity by private parties, leading to the achievement of uniform practices and standards (arbitration, lex mercatoria). Nonetheless, they both enrich national legal cultures and contribute to transgressing the limits of national (local) particularisms in creating, interpreting and applying the law.

Кл.слова:
європейський закон -- юриспруденція

Completely revised and updated, this new edition of Terror in the Mind of God incorporates the events of September 11, 2001 into Mark Juergensmeyer's landmark study of religious terrorism. Juergensmeyer explores the 1993 World Trade Center explosion, Hamas suicide bombings, the Tokyo subway nerve gas attack, and the killing of abortion clinic doctors in the United States. His personal interviews with 1993 World Trade Center bomber Mahmud Abouhalima, Christian Right activist Mike Bray, Hamas leaders Sheik Yassin and Abdul Azis Rantisi, and Sikh political leader Simranjit Singh Mann, among others, take us into the mindset of those who perpetrate and support violence in the name of religion.

Кл.слова:
релігія -- терор -- насильство

Since the end of the Cold War, there has been increasing interest in the global dimensions of a host of public policy issues - issues involving war and peace, terrorism, international law, regulation of commerce, environmental protection, and disparities of wealth, income, and access to medical care. Especially pressing is the question of whether it is possible to formulate principles of justice that are valid not merely within a single society but across national borders. The thirteen essays in this volume explore a range of issues that are central to contemporary discussions of global politics. Written by prominent philosophers, political scientists, economists, and legal theorists, they offer valuable contributions to current debates over the nature of justice and its implications for the development of international law and international institutions.

Кл.слова:
держава -- право -- відносини

In this groundbreaking alternative history of the most dominant ideology of our time, Milton Friedman's free-market economic revolution, Naomi Klein challenges the popular myth of this movement's peaceful global victory. From Chile in 1973 to Iraq today, Klein shows how Friedman and his followers have repeatedly harnessed terrible shocks and violence to implement their radical policies. As John Gray wrote in The Guardian, "There are very few books that really help us understand the present. The Shock Doctrine is one of those books."

Кл.слова:
війна -- тероризм -- катастрофа -- кризова свідомість

Susan K. Sell s book shows how power in international politics is increasingly exercised by private interests rather than governments. In 1994 the WTO adopted the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), which dictated to states how they should regulate the protection of intellectual property. This book argues that TRIPS resulted from lobbying by twelve powerful CEOs of multinational corporations who wished to mould international law to protect their markets. This book examines the politics leading up to TRIPS, the first seven years of its implementation, and the political backlash against TRIPS in the face of the HIV/AIDS crisis. Focusing on global capitalism, ideas, and economic coercion, this work explains the politics behind TRIPS and the controversies created in its wake. It is a fascinating study of the influence of private interests in government decision-making, and in the shaping of the global economy.

Кл.слова:
глобальний капіталізм -- глобальна економіка -- захист прав інтелектуальної власності

In January 2002 Fiji presented its first ever country report to the United Nations committee charged with monitoring compliance with the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). One of the most controversial sections of the report addressed the use of the practice of bulubulu, or village reconciliation, in cases of rape. During the public presentation of the report in New York City by Fiji’s Assistant Minister for Women, the nuances of bulubulu as a sociolegal practice in postcolonial Fiji were obscured within what quickly became complicated layers of political miscommunication, the imperatives of a surging Fijian nationalism, and, as always, the politicization of culture.

Кл.слова:
юриспруденція

This book explores how globalisation influences the understanding of law. Adopting a broad concept of law and a global perspective, it critically reviews mainstream Western traditions of academic law and legal theory. Its central thesis is that most processes of so-called 'globalisation' take place at sub-global levels and that a healthy cosmopolitan discipline of law should encompass all levels of social relations and the legal ordering of these relations. It illustrates how the mainstream Western canon of jurisprudence needs to be critically reviewed and extended to take account of other legal traditions and cultures. Written by the one of the foremost scholars in the field, this important work presents an exciting alternative vision of jurisprudence. It challenges the traditional canon of legal theorists and guides the reader through a field undergoing seismic changes in the era of globalisation. This is essential reading for all students of jurisprudence and legal theory.

Кл.слова:
юридична наука -- правознавство

Пособие посвящено правовым вопросам использования международной глобальной сети Интернет. Дана система основных понятий Сети. Приведены нормативные акты, регулирующие правоотношения в сети Интернет. Предназначено для студентов и преподавателей юридических вузов, а также может представлять интерес для широкого круга пользователей Сети.

Кл.слова:
комп’ютерні технології -- електронний ресурс -- хакер -- юриспруденція -- законодавство -- права власності

Эта книга – о крупнейших мировых разорениях и о причинах, по которым люди, компании и государства теряют огромные деньги. В первой части книги («Фортуна переменчива») рассказывается о людях, честно проигравших в честной борьбе, – о тех, кто нажил состояния своим горбом и потерял их потому, что им просто не повезло. Во второй части («Приключение не удалось») речь идет о тех, кто проиграл, потому что бизнес был для них прежде всего игрой, забавным приключением – а в игре всегда бывают победители и побежденные. Третья часть («Империи не вечны») – о том, как потомки великих магнатов распорядились миллиардами отцов и дедов. Некоторые, кстати, распорядились весьма достойно, хотя и утратили статус самых богатых людей в мире. Четвертая часть («Зачем вы, девочки?.») – «гендерная». В ней речь идет о том, как женщины разоряют других и как их самих пытаются разорить (что не всегда удается). В пятой части («Пятая колонна») рассказывается о сотрудниках компаний, разоряющих свои организации, и о других «внутренних болезнях» предприятий, подтачивающих их «здоровье». Шестая часть («Memento mori») посвящена глобальным разорениям, экономическим потрясениям, в результате которых разорялись не просто отдельные люди и компании, но целые страны и народы. Сегодня, когда в мире разразился глобальный кризис, самое время вспомнить причины Великой депрессии и уроки кризиса 1998 года. И, наконец, седьмая, «теоретическая» часть («Банкротство как точная наука») рассказывает о том, что происходит с людьми и компаниями в случае официального банкротства и о соответствующем законодательстве и процедурах, а также об эволюции отношений кредиторов с должниками.

Кл.слова:
кредит -- борг