|
|
631.4
Крупко, Галина Дмитрівна.
Вплив антропогенезу на зміну властивостей дерново-підзолистих ґрунтів Західного Полісся [Текст] : автореферат дис. ... к.с.-г.н. : 06.01.03 / Г. Д. Крупко ; керівник С. М. Лико ; Національний університет водного господарства та природокористування, 2021УДК:
Анотація: У дисертації наведено результати досліджень фізичних, фізико-хімічних, агрохімічних та екологічних показників дерново-підзолистих ґрунтів наступних агровиробничих груп: 5б,що використовуються під сіножаттюта пасовищем; 27б–під ріллею; 14б–під сіножаттю. Проаналізовано їхню відповідність нормативним показникам для створенняспеціальних сировинних зон.Наведенодинамікупоказників у період з 1981 року по 2019 рік за умов різного способу використання. Встановлено, щонайбільші зміни властивостей за період дослідження спостерігалися для агровиробничої групи 27б під ріллею.Охарактеризовано баланс гумусу у зоні Полісся та розраховано бонітет досліджуваних ґрунтів. Проведено оцінку біоенергетичної ефективності вирощування основних сільськогосподарських культур.. The dissertation presents theoretical and experimental material on the study of the influence of anthropogenesis on the change of properties of sod-podzolic soils of Western Polissya. The results of researches of physical, physicochemical, agrochemical, and ecological indicators of sod-podzolic soils are presented for the following agro-industrial groups: 5b sod-podzolic, non-glued and gley clay-sandy soils on sandy sediments used for hayfield and pastures; 27b sod-podzolic gley-dried clay-sandy –for arable land; 14b sod-podzolic and podzolic-sod gley clay-sandy soils–for haymaking.It was found that the studied soils are moderately compacted (5b, 27b) and dense (14b). The indicators of the solid phase density of the soil are typical for sod-podzolic in agricultural production groups 27b and 5b for haymaking (2.71-2.75g/cm3), and for 5b for pasture (2.10 g/cm3) and 14b (2.40 g/cm3) slightly lower than typical, characterized by satisfactory porosity. According to the degree of acidity and alkalinity, 27b, 14b, and 5b for pasture are close to neutral, 5b –is neutral, have medium (14b –2.3%) and low (27b, 5b –1.7–1.9%) degree of humus supply, as well as medium, low and very low levels of nutrient supply for plants.According to environmental indicators, agricultural production groups are characterized by low levels of contamination with cadmium, lead, mercury, strontium-90, which do not exceed the corresponding TLV. Exceedance of permissible levels of cesium-137 (1.29 Ci/km2, TLV 1 Ci/km2) was found in soil 27b for arable land.Their compliance with the criteria and normative indicators of agricultural lands' correspondence to special raw-material zones requirements are analyzed. Agricultural production groups are unsuitable for their creation according to the following indicators: the content of mobile compounds of potassium, zinc, copper (all agricultural production groups) and content of the sum of absorbed bases, density of cesium-137 contamination (27b).The author provides the dynamics of physical, physicochemical, and agrochemical indicators of the studied agricultural production groups from 1981 to 2019 for different usage methods. It was found that the most considerable changes in the properties of sod-podzolic soils during the study period were observed for agricultural group 27b for arable land, which is associated with the impact of human activities, the smallest –for 5b for pasture.The balance of humus in the Polissya zone is described, and the strengthening of dehumidification processes is detected. The negative balance of humus in agriculture of 26the Polissya zone is observed during all research periods. Starting from 1981–1985, the negative balance of humus further increased, and its deficit increased to -0.73 t/ha in 2006–2010, which is 2.5 times. The quality of the studied soils is calculated, and the decrease of agrochemical and ecological-agrochemical scores is verified. These soils belong to the sixth (average quality), seventh and eighth (low quality) classes in terms of quality.An assessment of the bioenergy efficiency of growing main crops has been made. Thehighest energy efficiency was observed in winter wheat and winter rye cultivation, where SEER ranges from 2.9 to 6.9 and from 2.6 to 4.9, respectively. The difference between the actual values of the seasonal energy efficiency ratio and its normative value (SEER = 1) showed that soybean cultivation in the Polissya area is absolutely energy inefficient. Winter rapeseed cultivation is effective only in some years (during the latest research period, low efficiency was noted for the cultivation of spring barley, which in some years is energetically unprofitable).It is confirmed that sod-podzolic soils of different agricultural production groups in the territory of Western Polissya are characterized by low fertility. They have a medium and low degree of humus supply and medium, low, and deficient nutrient supply levels. These indicators can change over time for different conditions of use and require appropriate measures to improve soil's basic properties.
Дод. точки доступу:
Лико, Сергій Михайлович (керівник.); Lyko Sergii Michailovych; Krupko Halyna D,; Національний університет водного господарства та природокористування
|
|