The jubilee edition describes the main stages in the development of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine as the topmost state-supported scientific organization in the centenary of its existence. The focus is on the major achievements of Academy institutions and its prominent scientists, leading scientific schools in basic research and R&D activities and on their implementation in social practice. The ways to improve Academy's activities at present, tasks and prospects of its work in the next decades are determined. The book is intended for broad circles of scientists, education and culture workers, politicians, public activists, and all those interested in the advancement of science in Ukraine.