In thus paper was reported the fabrication of dye-sensitized solar cell utilizing flower-like ZnO nanoparticle as photoanode and natural dye (anthocyamn) extracted from Lampeni (Ardisia humilis Vahl) fruit as photosensitizer. Anthocyamn dye extracted from Lampeni (Ardisia humilis Vahl) fruit shows a wide range of absorption spectra covering from 100 nm to 600 nm, which suitable for application as sensitizer in dye-sensitized solar cell. Flower-like ZnO was synthesized by precipitation method from mixed solution of zinc acetate dihydrate and KOH-X-ray diffraction analysis of ZnO was found a hexagonal structure with lattice parameters a = b = 3,25 and <$Ec~=~5,21~roman A back 45 up 15 symbol Р>, while average crystal size (ACS) was found 23,103 nm. The observation by SEM shows a flower-like structure arranged from ZnO nanorods. Optical absorption spectra of ZnO shows a strong absorption under 350 nm and sharp absorption transition occurs around 350 nm from which the bandgap energy of ZnO was determined. Using Tauc plot method, handgap energy of ZnO was found 3,2 eV. The assembled solar cell has energy conversion efficiency about of 0,03 % with fill factor of 0,25 and maximum power output of 12,8 pWatt.

Наведено результати досліджень щодо визначення ресурсу корпусних сталей АЕС з урахуванням радіаційного окрихчення. Проаналізовано дані про міцність корпусів реакторів ВВЕР-440 з високим і помірним вмістом шкідливих домішок (мідь і фарфор) у сталі. Для зварних з'єднань відзначено недоліки процедури випробувань зразків-свідків, технології іх виготовлення, нейтронної дозиметрії. З метою забезпечення надійної експлуатації корпусів реакторів розроблено нові проекти, спрямовані на вивчення впливу радіаційного окрихчування сталей на структурну цілісність та удосконалення експериментальних методів оцінки міцності матеріалів.

На підставі комп'ютерного 3D-моделювання виконано дослідження впливу коефіцієнта тертя на деформацію та її розподіл для зразків з алюмінієвого сплаву 5052. Ефект тертя досліджено за трьома рівнями варіації коефіцієнтів тертя (0:01; 0:025; 0:05). Результати надали можливість зробити висновки щодо характеру розподілу та чисельних значень деформації та мікротвердості для різних коефіцієнтів тертя.

Досліджено готовність малого та середнього бізнесу (МСБ) Індонезії використовувати переваги від створення Економічного співтовариства АСЕАН. Дослідження, проведене в регіоні Центральна Ява, доводить, що МСБ Індонезії в цілому не є готовим до нової спільноти через низку внутрішніх і зовнішніх недоліків. Продемонстровано необхідність розробки системної стратегії, яка б врахувала всі описані слабкі місця.

Cadmium compounds are highly toxic substances characterized by mutagenic, genotoxic and carcinogenic effects, and having high cumulative properties. Application of cadmium nanoparticles (NPs) in medicine stimulates the study of their mechanism of action at the cellular level and at the level of organs and systems, determination of biomarkers of their action, particularly in comparison with the ionic form. The aim of the study was to compare the features of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of cadmium sulfide (CdS) NPs of different sizes on cell cultures of different histogenesis with those of cadmium chloride (CdCl2). In this work, we used cadmium compounds in the nanoform: NPs CdS of 4 - 6 nm and of 9 - 11 nm in size; and in the ionic form: CdCl2. The studies were conducted in vitro in cell lines - IMR-32, HEK-293 and MAEC. To count viable cells we compared the results of three basic tests: MTT (methyl tetrasolium test), SRB (sulforhodamine B test) and NRU (neutral red uptake test). We evaluated the genotoxic effect of the substances studied in vitro using DNA comet assay in alkaline conditions. CdS NPs and CdCl2 demonstrated pronounced dose-dependent cytotoxic effect in MAEC, HEK-293 and IMR-32 cell lines, by impairing membrane permeability, functioning of mitochondria and lysosomes, and inhibiting the function of protein synthesis. Cytotoxic effect of CdCl2 was the most pronounced, this effect of CdS NPs of 9 - 11 nm in size being the least pronounced. The comet DNA assay in alkaline conditions revealed a statistically significant increase in DNA comet index when exposed to CdCl2 and CdS NPs in comparison with the negative control, which indicates their genotoxic effect. CdS NPs of 4 - 6 nm in size showed a more pronounced effect in comparison with those of 9 - 11 nm in size. Conclusion: elucidation of mechanisms underlying the implementation of toxic effects of cadmium NPs will help in assessing the potential risks associated with their use in industry and developing effective preventive measures. For instance, when planning in vivo studies for toxicological evaluation of nanomaterials and nano-substances containing NPs of cadmium, it is necessary to investigate the mutagenic and carcinogenic risks and to take into account the high likelihood of neurotoxic and cardiovasotoxic effects, along with nephrotoxic effects, since high cytotoxic activity of the investigated compounds of cadmium was detected on the cells of the MAEC line (endothelial origin) and IMR-32 (neuronal origin).

The experimental studies of the heat capacity of 1D chains of xenon atoms adsorbed in the outer grooves of bundles of closed single-walled carbon nanotubes <$EC sub roman Xe> have been first made at temperature range 2 - 30 K with the adiabatic calorimeter. The experimental data <$EC sub roman Xe> have been compared with theory [A. Siber, Phys. Rev. B 66, 235414 (2002)]. The experimental and theoretical heat capacity curves are close below 8 K. Above 8 K the experimental curve <$EC sub roman Xe (T)> exceeds the theoretical one and excess capacity <$Eroman D C sub roman Xe (T)> increases monotonously with temperature. We assume that the <$Eroman D C sub roman Xe (T)> caused mainly by the increase of the distance between the neighboring xenon atoms in the chain with increasing temperature.

The heat capacity of bundles of closed-cap single-walled carbon nanotubes with one-dimensional chains of nitrogen molecules adsorbed in the grooves has been first experimentally studied at temperatures from 2 to 40 K using an adiabatic calorimeter. The contribution of nitrogen <$EC sub roman N2> to the total heat capacity has been separated. In the region 28 K the behavior of the curve <$EC sub roman N2 (T)> is qualitatively similar to the theoretical prediction of the phonon heat capacity of 1D chains of Kr atoms localized in the grooves of SWNT bundles. Below 3 K the dependence <$EC sub roman N2 (T)> is linear. Above 8 K the dependence <$EC sub roman N2 (T)> becomes steeper in comparison with the case of Kr atoms. This behavior of the heat capacity <$EC sub roman N2 (T)> is due to the contribution of the rotational degrees of freedom of the N2 molecules.

Characterization and mechanical behavior was investigated on Cu - Zn - Al shape memory alloy subjected to severe plastic deformation by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP). The microstructure, phase transformation temperatures and morophological features were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and optical microscope (OM). Homogenous microstructure and grain refinement, which leads to improvement of mechanical properties, was readily achieved by severe plastic deformation (SPD). The XRD results showedtransformation happened from <$Ealpha>-phase to martensite phase which induced by the mechanical activated transformation process that has also resulted in the increase of martensite start temperature (MS) after the ECAP process. The alloy's Vickers hardness increased rapidly from 136 to 217 through the first pass at <$E400~symbol Р roman C>, and then it increased slowly and tended to be stable with increasing of ECAP passes. The yield and compressive strength of specimens increased 2 - 12 % and 29 % after ECAP process.

Regulation of adhesion receptors (AR) expression on endothelial cells (EC) is controDed by tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a pleiotropic cytokine, being a local mediator of cellular homeostasis and immune response. TNF is one of the first cytokines that are secreted in inflammation and lymphoid tumors (LT). The increase in TNF-alpha expression promotes tumour metastasis and induces the endothelial dysfunction in many pathophysiological conditions. Aim of study was to determine an adhesive ability of human fetal umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to adhere to cells of leukemic lines K562 and L1210 after treatment with various concentrations of recombinant human TNF (rhTNF), (Sigma, USA). HUVECs were obtained as described Jaffe EA. et al., 1973. Cell suspension of K562 or LI 210 were labeled with ³H-tfaymidine but not activated with rhTNF before experiment and were added to the monolayer of HUVECs. The level of attachment ceUs was estimated as the index of adhesion (IA). Doses of rhTNF were selected according to the predefined blood level of endogenous TNF in healthy subjects and patients with hematologic diseases and have been divided into low, intermediate, high and stimulating ones (the concentration range of 0,001 - 6,946 ng/ml). HUVECs that were incubated in a non-rhTNF medium have been used as controls. Results: rhTNF exerted a complex dose-dependent influence on adhesive properties of HUVECs in vitro. Parameters of A1 for the K562 and L1210 cells were related to the morphologic type of cell line, which was evidenced by a high statistical correlation. Cells L1210 were characterized by high IA parameters after their treatment with low or stimulating doses of rhTNF. Cells K562 adhered to HUVECs after their treatment with stimulating doses of rhTNF. Conclusion: as proven by the obtained results, the TNF cytokineactivated vascular endothelium plays a pivotal role in the initiation of adhesion, while the influence of autocrine secretion of TNF in the very moment of the formation of intercellular contacts.

The nanostructures of iron-doped zinc oxide (FZO) produced by a simple and low cost dip-coating route onto a glass substrate were studied. The structural, morphological, electrical and optical properties of FZO films were investigated. Nanochains were revealed by SEM analysis at high magnification. A (002)-oriented wurzite structure with a lattice parameter of <$Ealpha ~=~3,24 roman A back 45 up 35 symbol Р> and <$Ec~=~5,19~roman A back 45 up 35 symbol Р> - was confirmed by X-rays diffraction. High transmittance was exhibited in the visible spectrum, T (550 nm) >> 83 %. Finally, electrical measurements revealed a resistivity and mobility of <$E10~roman k OMEGA ~cdot~roman cm>, and 5 cm<^>2 / Vs respectively.

Проведено дослідження вмісту про- та антиапоптичних факторів (p53, Bcl-2) і вмісту EC-клітин внутрішньотканинної APUD-системи, у 228 жінок репродуктивного віку з гіперпластичними процесами ендометрія та раком ендометрія. Розвиток гіперплазії ендометрія без атипії характеризується низьким рівнем активації місцевої APUD-системи, відсутністю антиапоптичного протеїну p53 і підвищенням рівня Bcl-2 в епітелії залоз і в стромі ендометрія. За розвитку атипових форм гіперплазії ендометрія спостерігається підвищення експресії Bcl-2 в 1,5 разу (p << 0,05) і поява проапоптичного протеіну p53, у цьому випадку визначається підвищення кількості APUD-клітин - в 5,5 разу по відношенню до фізіологічного рівня. За пухлинної трансформації та розвитку аденокарциноми ендометрія спостерігається збільшення експресії EC-клітини в 9,8 разу, збільшення рівня Bcl-2 в 1,3 разу, високий вміст протеїну p53, що свідчить про високий рівень активації APUD-системи та про дисбаланс між процесами апоптозу та проліферації.

Aim - to determine the peculiarities of expression of a number of proteins-regulators of the cell cycle in endometrial cancer (EC) cells in patients with a family history of oncological pathologies. 95 EC patients (stage I - II) were included into the study. Clinical-genealogical analysis was performed. 54 patients (group I) had healthy relatives, and in families of 41 patients (group 11) an aggregation of malignant tumors of different genesis (mainly tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and the female reproductive system) was recorded. p53, p21<^>WAF1/CIP1, p16<^>INK4a, and Ki-67 were assessed immunohistochemically in the surgical samples. In the majority of patients, both from group I and II, moderately differentiated tumors were observed (in 38,9 and 46,3 % of cases, respectively), mainly with deep myometrium invasion (64,8 and 58,5 % of cases, respectively). In EC patients from group II, a significantly higher number of p16<^>INK4a-positive cells (17,7 +- 1,7 %; p = 0,001) and lower number of p53-positive (30,9 +- 3,2 %; p = 0,05) and Ki-67-positive (26,9 +- 2,7 %; p = 0,048) cells was observed compared to those in tumors of patients from group I (12,0 +- 1,6; 37,7 +- 2,8 and 36,7 +- 3,4 %, respectively). Conclusion: phenotypic features of the EC in the patients with family history of cancer differ from those in tumors of patients without such aggregation. The biological heterogeneity of EC seems to relate to the oncogenealogical history of patients. Also this biological heterogeneity is linked to the molecular features of EC cells, which affects cancer aggressiveness and the course of the disease.

To date, genome instability is considered to be a common feature not only of tumor cells, but also of non-malignant cells of cancer patients, including peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). The issue of the association between genome instability in tumor cells and PBLs, as well as of its relationship with tumor progression remains poorly understood. Aim - to evaluate the level DNA damage in tumor cells and PBLs of endometrial cancer (EC) patients with regard to clinical and morphological characteristics of the patients. DNA damage was assessed in 106 PBLs samples and 42 samples of tumor cell suspension from EC patients by comet assay. PBLs from 30 healthy women were used as control. The level of DNA damage was expressed as the percentage of DNA in the comet tails (% tail DNA). Results: it was revealed that the amount of DNA damage in PBLs of EC patients was 2,2 times higher in comparison with that of healthy donors (8,3 +- 0,7 and 3,7 +- 0,4 % tail DNA, respectively) (p << 0,05). In this study, no association between the levels of DNA damage in endometrial tumor cells and PBLs was observed (r = 0,11 ; p >> 0,05). The amounts of DNA damage both in tumor cells and PBLs were not related to the degree of tumor differentiation as well as the depth of myometrial invasion, but depended on the body mass index (BMI) of EC patients: high level of lesions was observed in patients with elevated BMI values. Furthermore, the level of DNA damage in tumor cells was associated to familial aggregation of cancer and was significantly higher in endometrial cells from patients with family history of cancer vs that from EC patients with sporadic tumors (32,3 +- 2,9 and 22,8 +- 1,8 % tail DNA, respectively) (p << 0,05). It was also found that for women who had high level of DNA damage in PBLs, the risk of EC was greater (odds ratio value of 3,5) compared to those with low level of such lesions. Conclusion: genome instability that appears as an increased level of DNA damage in tumor cells and PBLs of EC patients is associated with BMI and family history of cancer and can reflect a predisposition to cancer.

Aim - to determine the methylation level of promoter region of the FOXP3 gene promoter depending on the heterogeneity of intracellular localization of its protein product in endometrial cancer (EC) cells and assess its relation to the clinical and morphological features of tumor. Samples of surgical material of 40 EC patients who have not received any specific treatment before the surgery, were studied. Real time methylation-specific PCR (MSP) as well as morphological and immunohis-tochemical methods were used in the study. Methylation of promoter region of the FOXP3 gene was determined in all EC cases, but variability of the methylation level in EC cells from 45,0 % to 85,0 % was observed. With tumor progression and in tumors with deep (<$Esymbol У~1 "/" 2>) invasion in myometrium, an increase of the methylation level of the FOXP3 and of cell number with cytoplasmic FOXP3 localization was observed. In EC patients the correlation between of methylation level of the FOXP3 gene and the number of FOXP3<^>+ tumor cells with cytoplasmic expression (r = 0,41) was determined. Conclusion: The methylation level of FOXP3 gene promoter region and intracellular localization of its protein product are associated with tumor differentiation grade and the depth of myometrial invasion.

Background - the development of hormone-dependent cancers, including endometrial carcinomas, in great part may be mediated by the genotoxic effects of estrogen metabolites, among which 4-hydroxyestradiol (4OHE2) is characterized by the most prominent DNA-damaging properties. It is assumed that the individual sensitivity to the 4OHE2 may determine the predisposition to endometrial cancer (EС). Aim - to analyze the sensitivity of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) of EC patients to the 4OHE2 and to evaluate the repair efficiency of 4OHE2-induced DNA damage. The study was performed on the PBLs of 53 EC patients and 20 healthy women. The level of DNA damage was measured using the comet assay and was expressed as % tail DNA. The DNA repair efficiency (%) was evaluated by determining the ratio between the amount of repaired DNA damage and the level of 4OHE2-induced damage that appeared after incubation of PBLs with 4OHE2. In PBLs of EC patients, a higher level of 4OHE2-induced DNA damage (32,0 +- 2,2 % tail DNA) and lower DNA repair efficiency (34,0 +- 4,5 %) was observed compared to PBLs of healthy women (22,3 +- 2,3 % tail DNA and 48,8 +- 4,5 %, respectively). PBLs of EC patients with deep tumor invasion of myometrium were characterized by more prominent decrease of DNA repair than those with less invasive tumor (<< 1/2 of myometrium) (20,9 +- 7,8 and 43,7 +- 6,7 %, respectively). Furthermore, lower DNA repair efficiency was detected in the PBLs of EC patients with a family history of cancer compared to this parameter in patients with sporadic tumors (20,9 +- 7,8 and 47,1 +- 5,5 %, respectively). Conclusion: the PBLs of EC patients are characterized by increased sensitivity to the genotoxic effect of 4OHE2 and reduced repair efficiency regarding 4OHE2-induced DNA damage. A lower level of DNA repair is observed in EC patients with deep tumor myometrial invasion and a family history of cancer.

Aim - to assess the expression of mismatch repair (MMR) proteins MSH2 and MLH1 and carry out microsatellite analysis in patients with endometrial cancer (EC) with regard to the family history of cancer. Morphological and immunohistochemical study was performed on tumor tissue samples of 49 EC patients. Microsatellite instability was determined using PCR with primers which flank microsatellite region BAT-26. A tendency to a decreased expression of both MSH2 and MLH1 markers in a group of EC patients with a family history of cancer as compared with a group without aggregation of cancer in family history was observed (labeling index - LI - was 36,1 +- 8,1 % and LI 20,7 +- 9,1 % versus LI 48,0 +- 5,8 % and 33,8 +- 5,8 %, respectively). It was determined that the number of EC patients with tumors deficient by expression of MMR markers was reliably higher in a group of patients with a family history of cancer than in a group of patients without aggregation of cancer in family history (p << 0,05). It was shown, that in a group of EC patients with a family history of cancer, MMR-proficient tumors were detected in 38,5 % of cases. Microsatellite instability was determined in 10,7 % of EC patients including one patient with aggregation of Lynch-associated tumors in family history. Conclusion: family history of cancer of EC patients is associated with malfunctioning of the MMR system as well as may be related to alternative molecular mechanisms.

The theoretical and experimental investigations of electrical properties of the SiO2/Si-ncs/SiO2/Si structures grown by high temperature annealing SiOX, <$Eroman X~<<~2>, have been carried out. The influence of Si cluster growth conditions on frequency dependences of <$EC~-~V> characteristics, static and dynamic conductance of investigated structures has been clearly observed. As a result of theoretical modeling, <$EC~-~V> dependences have been calculated. The experimentally obtained negative constituent of differential capacitance has been qualitatively described. It has been experimentally found that the SiO2/Si-ncs/SiO2/Si structures with the tunnel dielectric layer revealed the effect of memorizing.

Проведено порівняльний аналіз трапляння чужорідних видів судинних рослин на 6-ти тестових ділянках площею близько 30 км<^>2 кожна. Вони розташовані в межах <$E51 symbol Р 20 prime> пн. ш. - <$E46 symbol Р 45 prime> пн. ш. та <$E28 symbol Р 9 prime> сх. д. - <$E32 symbol Р 35 prime> сх. д. у Поліссі (Овруч), Лісостепу (Ружин, Шаргород, Теплик) та Сухому Степу (Музиківка, Круглоозерка). Польовими обліками, проведеними за методом Уіттекера, виявлено 185 видів-антропофітів: Овруч - 147, Ружин - 156, Шаргород - 157, Теплик - 154, Музиківка - 110, Круглоозерка - 108. Частка чужорідних видів зростала з півночі на південь із 34 % (Ружин, Шаргород) до 49 % (Музиківка) та залежала також від ступеня деградації росли нного покриву, спричиненої його антропогенною трансформацією. Втім, серед 185-ти чужорідних видів 80 або 43 % поширені на усіх ділянках. За подібністю - відмінністю видового складу цієї фракції тестові ділянки чітко розпадаються на рівні <$EC sub j ~=~0,49> на 2 плеяди: полісько-лісостепову з внутрішньою подібністю <$EC sub j ~=~0,89> - <$EC sub j ~=~0,74> та сухо-степову з внутрішньою подібністю <$EC sub j ~=~0,90>. Посилення адвентизації флори з півночі на південь підтверджується більшою на 10 % часткою археофітів у спонтанних флорах південних тестових ділянок. Зроблено висновок про необхідність організації контролю за видами-антропофітами для наукових цілей та вжиття оперативних заходів не лише на загальнодержавному рівні, а й також на рівні одиниць природного й адміністративного поділів.

Використано декілька економетричних методів для виявлення факторів впливу на потоки міжнародних туристів у країни АЕС. Період дослідження включає дані за 2000 - 2015 рр., враховуючи специфіку високого та низького сезонів у регіоні. Результати економетричного аналізу надали можливість виявити, хто в регіоні лідер ринку, а хто - послідовники, залежно від сезону - високого або низького. Одержані результати можуть бути корисні у процесі розробки політики та стратегій розвитку міжнародного туризму та його просування.

Використано декілька економетричних методів для виявлення факторів впливу на потоки міжнародних туристів у країни АЕС. Період дослідження включає дані за 2000 - 2015 рр., враховуючи специфіку високого та низького сезонів у регіоні. Результати економетричного аналізу надали можливість виявити, хто в регіоні лідер ринку, а хто - послідовники, залежно від сезону - високого або низького. Одержані результати можуть бути корисні у процесі розробки політики та стратегій розвитку міжнародного туризму та його просування.