In this review paper, basic principles of high current plasma accelerators, history and recent state of their investigations in IPP NSC KIPT are briefly described. In such devices an internal magnetic field is created by high current up to several MA in the discharge and it is used for both plasma flow acceleration up to 1000 km/s. Particular attention is paid to the quasi-stationary plasma accelerators (QSPA), where discharge duration exceeds considerable the plasma flight time in acceleration channel. Application of QSPA for plasma-surface interaction studies relevant to thermonuclear reactors, like ITER and DEMO, is discussed. Results on surface modification and improvement of material properties by powerful pulsed plasma processing are described. Potential technological applications for materials treatment are emphasized.

The combination of PVD and pulsed plasma treatment has been applied to Nd - Fe - B based magnets to provide enhanced corrosion resistance. The corrosion behavior of plasma treated Nd - Fe - B sintered magnets with Fe80B20 film in naturally aerated sodium sulphate solutions have been studied. The corrosion behavior was estimated using electrochemical methods. It has been established that the sample corrosion resistance is influenced considerably by pre-treatment preceding the plasma treatment or Fe80B20 deposition.

Вперше досліджено особливості взаємодії плазми з матеріалами та механізми ерозії у тривимірній геометрії поверхні, під впливом потужного плазмового опромінення. Експериментальні дослідження взаємодії потужної плазми з тривимірними структурами виконано на квазістаціонарному плазмовому прискорювачі КСПП Х-50. В експериментах застосовували потоки плазми з тепловим навантаженням на поверхню - 0,9 МДж/м<^>2 та тривалістю плазмового імпульсу - 0,25 мс, що є близькими до умов ІТЕР ELM. Під впливом зазначених теплових навантажень відбувається суттєва ерозія мішені, що супроводжується відокремленням часток матеріалу від опромінюваних поверхонь. Встановлено, що кількість і швидкість часточок, які відлітають з поверхні, залежить від кількості імпульсів. Досліджено найбільш значущі джерела макроскопічної ерозії вольфрамової тривимірної конструкції.

Purpose. To systematize domestic and foreign experience of usage of space remote sensing data, transformation methods for different-level and different-time datasets and program tools for their processing under creation of a national Internet-center of soil state monitoring and development of methods for controlling seasonal dynamics of soil processes. Methodology. Scientific and theoretical analysis of literature on the researched topic is used. Methodological approaches being formed are summarized. They are aimed at solving the task of identification and forecasting changes in soil characteristics affecting the deterioration of the basic indicators of its physical state. Findings. The main requirements are formulated and necessary components for creation of architecture of information, methodical and program implementation of the Ukrainian Internet-center for monitoring and analysis of space remote sensing data are determined. Originality. For the first time in Ukraine the methodological and architectural principles of creation of information system for monitoring and space surveys data analysis are formulated and formalized. One of the most important tasks is to monitor territories in order to increase the efficiency of their use. Practical value. The received results can be used for preparation and implementation of the main stages of creating the Internet-center for remote sensing data monitoring and analysis in order to solve problems of more efficient use of land resources in Ukraine.

Purpose. Research into processes that occur in the blasthole and rock during the first 300 <$Emu>s after a detonation wave passing the given blasthole cross-section and determine the effectiveness of rock fracture. Methodology. The analytical method of research based on fundamental positions of solid medium mechanics was applied. Findings. The mechanisms of rock fracture in fine-dispersed crushing zone were considered. The valuation of dependences versus time of the blasthole radius increase, the displacement velocity of blasthole walls and of the detonation products pressure changing during the first 300 <$Emu>s after the explosion, was fulfilled. It is shown that the pressure in fine-dispersed crushed zone decreases exponentially and is inversely proportional to the square root of the distance to the blasthole axis. Originality. It was found that the main mechanism in the fine-dispersed destruction zone is instantaneous rock destruction by shear stress. The particles size, into which the rock breaks down, is directly proportional to the width of chemical reaction zone in the explosive. Dependencies of explosion cavity radius, rock fracture velocity at the contact with detonation products and detonation products pressure on time are estimated using the adiabatic equation for detonation products with a constant index, taking into account that a strong compression wave is formed in the rock. It is shown that pressure decreases exponentially from the distance to the borehole axis in the fine-dispersed destruction zone. Practical value. The result of this work makes it possible to develop explosives with small fine-dispersed destruction zone and substantiate charges parameters with inert and water interval, thus reducing the size of a finedispersed destruction zone.

Відпрацьовано методику рентгенографічного дослідження розміру областей когерентного розсіяння та величини деформацій шляхом апроксимації профілів дифракційних ліній функціями Гаусса, Коши, а також використанням гармонічного аналізу для зразків вольфраму з достатньо досконалою структурою. Продемонстровано важливість правильного вибору еталону для одержання розумних результатів вимірювань. Показано, що у першому наближенні за розрахунку істинного (фізичного) розширення є допустимим використання теоретичної спектральної ширини лінії. Зроблено оцінку внеску у геометричне розширення основних інструментальних факторів.