Tunneling characteristics of high-T_c superconductor junctions are strongly influenced by surface degradation effects. A simple theoretical approach to the problem is developed for an arbitrary normal region near the oxide interface. It is shown that the zero-bias conductance value of a normal-metal--superconductor contact together with the low-frequency, near-zero-voltage shot-noise spectrum can serve as a diagnostic tool to probe directly the gap symmetry of a superconductor. On the base of model, some criteria, to distinguish between s- and d-wave pairing states are proposed and recent experimental findings for high-temperature superconductor contacts are critically analyzed.

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