Analysis of records of surgical patients and protocols of anatomicopathological investigations in autopsy tissues with changes in the lungs characteristic of pneumonia suggest to us that secondary pneumonia comes up to 38,5 % of all post mortem examinations. In 9 percent of the deceased, secondary pneumonia appeared to be a direct cause of death. The frequency rate of pneumonia in operated patients ranged between 0,3 - 0,5 % and 68 %, this concerning largly aged and senile patients and also those patients with polytraumata, in surgical interventions in organs of the thorax, abdominal cavity, in full-thickness burns. A considerable number (30 %) of diagnostic errors of pneumonia in surgical departments is due to a complicated character and extreme diversity of clinical manifestations of the underlying medical condition or polytraumata.

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