We show with a direct numerical analysis that a dilute Bose gas in an external potential - which is choosen for simplicity as a radial parabolic well - undergoes at certain temperature <$E T sub c > a phase transition to a state supporting macroscopic fraction of particles at the origin of the phase space (r = 0, p = 0). Quantization of particle motion in a well wipes out sharp transition but supports a distribution of radial particle density <$E rho (r) > peacked at r = 0 (a real-space condensate) as well as the phase-space Wigner distribution density W(r, p) peaked at r = 0 and p = 0 below the crossover temperature <$E T sub c sup * > of order of <$E T sub c >. Fixed-particle-number canonical ensemble which is a combination of the fixed-N condensate part and the fixed-<$E mu > excitation part is suggested to resolve the difficulty of large fluctuation of the particle number (<$E delta N "~" N)> in the Bose-Einstein condensation problem treated within the orthodox grand canonical ensemble formalism.

Індекс рубрикатора НБУВ: В369 + В317.233

Рубрики:

Фізика конденсованих середовищ

Статистика Бозе-Ейнштейна

Шифр НБУВ: Ж14063 Пошук видання у каталогах НБУВ 

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