The number of lymphocytes of different immunophenotypes (<$E roman {СD3 sup + ,~СD4 sup + ,~СD8 sup + ,~СD20 sup + ,~СD56 sup + }>-cells) with simultaneous determination of the blood C-peptide content in three groups of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (new-onset of 3 months and 5 years disease duration) is studied by the method of flow cytometry. A decrease in the number of blood <$E roman {СD3 sup + ,~СD4 sup + ,~СD56 sup + }>-cells is revealed in children with 3 months disease duration having a decreased C-peptide by 70 %, but metabolic disorder is compensated by the administration of exogenous insulin. A decrease in the content of <$E roman {СD3 sup + ,~СD4 sup + ,~СD56 sup + }>-cells becomes more expressed in lingering diseased children which have the complete stopping of C-peptide production, i.e., endogenous insulin is changed by exogenous insulin that suggest an idea of the absence of a direct dependence between the blood insulin level and studied indices of immunity in the disease.

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