Some heterogeneous materials contain foreign inclusions of cylindrical and close shapes which may be reinforcing fibers. If one applies the electric technology for the fabrication or thermal processing of such materials, then the melting of a binder phase may occur. During passing the electric current, thermal, mechanical, and mass-exchange processes arise in materials. The stationary problem is solved. The phenomenon predicted - the arising of streams - might be called the electric-resistance-thermal convection. The character of the relevant velocity field is determined in the first place by a dimensionless value which plays the role of a similarity criterion. The physical sense of the criterion derived is as follows: it means the ratio of electromagnetic pressure induced by the difference in conductivity due to the temperature inhomogeneity to the product of the viscosity and heat conducting ability of fluid. The electric-resistance-thermal convection may coexist with other convection types. These phenomena may influence the mass transfer and alloying processes.

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