The prostate is an exocrine reproductive gland that participates in ejaculation and it is prone to diseases, including cancer. Aim - in the present study, we assessed the long-term effects of copulation on the development of precancerous lesions in rats, and compared them with testosterone-induced prostatic lesions. One group of Wistar males was given 10 copulatorv sessions to one ejaculation with ovariectomized, hormone-primed females. Sessions occurred twice per week for a total of ten trials. A second group was exposed to females during the same trials, but physical contact was prevented. In addition, each group received a subcutaneous implant in the back either filled with testosterone propionate (T, 100 mg/kg) or empty. This resulted in four subgroups: Control + No sex, 2) Control + Sex, T + No sex and T + Sex. Two days after the 10<^>th trial all the males were sacrificed for prostate histology (H&E) and hormone analysis (testosterone and prolactin). Males from the group Control + No sex expressed normal histology. However, those in the groups Control + Sex and T + No sex expressed metaplasia and dysplasia in both the dorsolateral and ventral portions of the prostate, respectively. Interestingly, males from the group T + Sex expressed dysplasia in the dorsolateral prostate only, but not in the ventral prostate. Conclusions: these results indicate that constant copulation may facilitate the development of prostatic lesions in males with normal levels of testosterone. However, copulation induces less lesions in the ventral prostate of males treated with testosterone.

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