Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an anticancer therapy that associates the photosensitizer (PS), oxygen and light to destroy cancer cells. Methylene blue (MB) is considered a second generation phenothiazine dye with excellent photochemical properties. Aim - to evaluate whether MB-mediated PDT can induce oxidative stress and inflammation, therefore, interfering tumor growth. The study was conducted on Wistar rats transplanted with Walker 256 carcinosarcoma (W256). The proinflammatory interleukins levels (IL-<$E1 beta>, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-<$Ealpha>) were determined by ELISA, mRNA expression of COX-1, COX-2, iNOS and eNOS by RT-PCR, lipid peroxidation was measured by the TBARS method. Moreover, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in neutrophils was determined by MPO activity assay. All indices mentioned above were determined in tumor tissue. Kaplan - Meier and Gehan - Breslow - Wilcoxon tests were used for survival analysis. We found that the treatment of W256 with 0,1 % MB + 1 J/cm<^>2 provoked a significant increase in the interleukins levels (IL-1<$Ebeta>, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-<$Ealpha>), prostaglandin E2, the mRNA expression of COX-2, iNOS, lipid peroxidation and MPO activity in tumor tissue, which were statistically different (p << 0,05) compared to other experimental and control groups. The results of the estimation of survival curves show a greater probability of survival in 0,1 % MB + 1 J/cm<^>2 (total energy dose = 142,8 J/cm<^>2) treated group. Conclusion: our results suggest that treatment of W256 with 0,1 % MB + 1 J/cm<^>2 was able to promote cytotoxic effects in tumor tissue by the generation of reactive oxygen species causing inflammation and thus interfering in the tumor growth.

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