Studies have demonstrated that patients who have diabetes are more likely to develop cognitive problems compared to people without diabetes. The aim of the research: analysis of clinical characteristics of dementia in patients with diabetes mellitus. The Mini-Mental State Examination was used to diagnose dementia, which enables the detection of cognitive changes. Computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was performed to confirm the etiology of cognitive disorders. We have examined 120 patients (58 men and 62 women) with diabetes mellitus aged 32 to 70 years. The average disease duration was 5 - 10 years. There were seventy-five (62,5 %) patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and 45 (37,5 %) with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In 45 (37,5 %) cases, type 1 diabetes mellitus was associated with high blood pressure. The number of patients with type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure was 43 (35,83 %). The atrophic process in the temporal and frontal regions is most pronounced in 41 (34,16 %) cases, with damage to the hemisphere occurring in 13 (10,83 %) and to the stem structures in 9 (7,5 %). Cognitive changes are more pronounced and more persistent in patients with type 1 diabetes than in patients with type 2 diabetes. Conclusions: in patients with cognitive impairment, the prescription of antidiabetic drugs is recommended only after a detailed study. Unfortunately, the mechanism of dementia development is not fully understood today, no effective prevention methods have been developed. However, there is a possibility to conduct screening in patients with diabetes mellitus to detect cognitive disorders. Research has shown that people with diabetes are twice as likely to have severe thinking and memory problems, and they also have a higher risk of developing a transient ischemic attack. Individuals with high blood pressure in the middle age are twice as likely to have brain injury. The high-risk group includes patients aged 40 - 64 years with diabetes mellitus and high blood pressure. It has been proven that their brain volume is reduced, they have problems with memory and thinking. High blood pressure in people of this age can cause many negative effects. In patients with type 2 diabetes, cognitive impairment is manifested in deficits in praxis, thеn gnosis and language function. However, time orientation, as well as short-term memory is less disrupted. Previous researches indicate connection between diabetes and high blood pressure and an increased risk of dementia. More research is needed to gain a full understanding of their effects on the brain.

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