Розроблена і описана методика випробувань трубчатих і гладких зразків, а також зразків з надрізом на термовтому. Наведено результати випробувань на розтяг і на термовтому зразків із різним радіусом надрізу за різних температур. Запропоновано методику прогнозування довговічності надрізаних зразків при термовтомі за різних температурних умов із використанням критерію щільності розсіяної енергії деформації. З метою прогнозування криві розтягування матеріалу за відповідних температур використовуються для аналізу поведінки матеріалу поблизу концентратора напруг, де напружено-деформований стан розраховується за методом скінченних елементів. Прогнозування виконано шляхом співставлення номінальної щільності енергії деформування у гладкому зразку зі щільністю енергії деформування, що поглинута в області надрізу з урахуванням концентрації напруг і деформацій.

Описано експериментальну установку для визначення пертурбації необхідної для ініціації конденсаційного спалаху та розробки геометрії двофазної стратифікованої течії, за умов якої ці спалахи могли б бути ініційовані.

The collective electromagnetic wave excitations in layered conductors in an external quantizing magnetic field are studied theoretically. A set of coupled equations for the electric field components and the Greens functions describing collective electromagnetic modes in such a system within the linear-response approach are obtained on the basis of a model of conducting planes embedded into a dielectric matrix. These equations, written in the layer-site representation, provide a basis for studies of the electromagnetic waves in the general case which does not imply either the spatial uniformity across the layers or the homogenity within the conducting planes. The dispersion equations are obtained for the uniform and homogeneous layered conductors, which give a rich structure of collective electromagnetic modes in layered conductors in an external magnetic field. The dispersion and damping of helicons in layered conductors in the regimes of conventional and quantum Hall effects have been studied, both analytically and numerically. Two new modes propagating perpendicular to the magnetic field with frequencies of the order of the plasma frequency have been found.

Dynamical chaos, states stability in long Josephson junctions are investigated from the point of view of the flux quantization. It is shown that the stationary Meissner and fluxon states having integer number of fluxons are stable. Stationary antifluxon states also having integer number of the flux quanta and all other states with half-integer number of flux quenta are unstable. The transitions between all states - Meissner, the states having the integer and half-integer number of the flux quanta - take place in the nonstationary case, and all these states are dynamically equivalent, but the number of the flux quanta is a nonregular time-dependent functions for the chaotic states and regular for the regular ones.

In this paper, a "Complete Line Segments (CLS)" based method is proposed to realize the global localization for an indoor mobile robot. The definition of the CLS as well as its properties and decision rules is given. The whole localization algorithm including corresponding measurements to deal with some special cases is described in detail. The experimental result obtained showed our success.

The tunnel resistance of highly stable, mechanically controlled break junctions of Al, Au, Cu, Pb, Ni, Pt, and Pt -Ir, have been recorded as a function of the electrode spacing over 6-7 decades. Clear deviations from the expected exponential behavior have been observed. Comparison with previous experimental and theoretical studies indicate that the discussed deviations in some cases are most probably due to the shape of, rather than to interactions between, the two electrodes.

We have analyzed the quantum interference effects in the macroscopic "superconducting molecule". The composite system consists of two massive superconducting rings, each interrupted by a Josephson junction, which are at the same time weakly coupled with one another. The special case of coupling via the Josephson four-terminal junction is considered. The structure of the macroscopic quantum states in an applied magnetic field is calculated. It is shown that, depending on the values of the magnetic fluxes through each ring, the system displays two groups of states, the "orthostates" with both induced currents going in the same direction, and the "parastates" with the opposite currents and with the total induced flux locked to zero value. The transition to the flux locked state with changing of the total applied flux is sudden and is preserved in a certain interval which is determined by the difference of the fluxes applied through each ring. It makes the system sensitive to small gradients of the external magnetic field.

In an approach of low transparency of the barrier the tunneling of electrons through doubly degenerate local state has been considered with allowance for the Coulomb and electron-phonon interactions. It is shown that in the case of weak electron-phonon and strong electron-electron interactions the dependence of tunneling current on the applied voltage has a step-like character at low temperature. The threshold value of the current was measured for small applied bias. The bistable state of the tunneling current is possible in the region of large bias. In the case of strong electron-phonon and weak electron-electron interactions, the threshold of tunneling current can be bistable. This result is a direct consequence of the electron pairing in local states.

The interaction of electromagnetic radiation with a low-density disordered system of fine metallic particles located in a dielectric matrix is considered in a quasi-static approach with allowance for dipole-dipole interaction. The electric dipole moment of the system is calculated in a pair approximation. The case of nonidentical particles differing in their sizes or dielectric functions is presented. Allowance for particle nonidentity leads to doubling of the number of their surface modes and to the appearance of band gaps in the spectrum. The spectrum peculiarities are revealed in the fine structure of electromagnetic absorption.

There are rather exotic semiconducting superlattices (SL) consisting of monochalcogenides of Pb, Sn and rare-earth metals which exhibit superconductivity at temperature as high as 6 K. Here we report the results of precision x-ray diffractometry and TEM investigations as well as Auger spectroscopy data obtained on some of the epitaxially grown superconducting semiconducting SLs. It is established that essential features of the SL structure determining the appearance of superconductivity are the perfect single-crystallinity of the samples and the presence of continuous dense grids of misfit dislocations on the interfaces between two semiconductors. The segregation of free Pb which was observed in some cases does not correlate, according to experimental data, with the appearance of superconductivity.

Proceeding from the base notions of general topology, we show the existence of three different quantum field theories. Thus, the exis-tence of two new wave mechanics beside the well-known Schrodinger one and nonclosedness of the latter are a highly general mathematical fact. Here, we investigate the connection between the configuration and momentum spaces at high energies. Our consideration is limited by momentum spaces which are Euclidean in asymptotics (in the neighbourhood of the infinite distant point) and have some symmetry properties. In this case, both the symmetry group and harmonic analysis on such a space are very simple.

Phonon spectra in complicated cylindrical quantum wires of two types are calculated and analyzed by taking into account limit cases. Electron and hole spectra of a quantum wire in the medium are obtained. It is shown that the exact considering of the effective masses of quasiparticles causes the essential narrowing of the region of quasimomenta where the stationary states confined in the radial direction exist.

Побудовано функції Гріна електричного та магнітного типів для векторних потенціалів Герца циліндричних областей (у тому числі прямокутних) з торцевими плоскими межами, які характеризуються поверхневим імпедансом. Розглянуто напівнескінченні структури та резонатори у випадку їх збудження поздовжніми сторонніми струмами.

Построены функции Грина электрического и магнитного типов для векторных потенциалов Герца цилиндрических областей (в том числе прямоугольных) с торцевыми плоскими границами, характеризующимися поверхностным импедансом. Рассмотрены полубесконечные структуры и резонаторы в случае их возбуждения продольными сторонними токами.

Green's functions of electric and magnetic types for Hertz vector potentials are obtained for cylindrical volumes (included rectangular) with butt-end plane boundaris, which have surface-impedance. Half-infinite structures and resonators are considered in the case of their exitation with longitudinal currents.

Розглянуто умови формування НВЧ сигналів фотопровідності високоомних напівпровідників у процесі імпульсної та гармонічної фотомодуляцій провідності, які виділяються за допомогою складового циліндричного РВП з Н012 видом коливань. Досліджено особливості вимірювання параметрів напівпровідників за високих рівнів фотозбудження. Доведено, що у більшості випадків фазовий метод вимірювання часу життя в напівпровідниках забезпечує високий ступінь адекватності досліджень.

Рассмотрены условия формирования СВЧ сигналов фотопроводимости высокоомных полупроводников при импульсной и гармонической фотомодуляции проводимости, выделяемых с помощью составного цилиндрического РИП с Н012 видом колебаний. Исследованы особенности измерения параметров полупроводников при высоких уровнях фотовозбуждения. Доказано, что в большинстве случаев фазовый метод измерения времени жизни в полупроводниках обеспечивает высокую степень адекватности исследований.

Conditions of hidht-ohmic semiconductior photoconductivity microwave signals formation with the pulse and harmonic photomodulation of conductivity, these signals being extract ed with oscillation mode composite cylindrical resonator, are considered. Recularities of seviconductors parameters measurement at high levels of photo excitation are studied. It is shown that the plase method of life-time measurement in semiconductors offer a high degree of the research adequacy in most cases.

Properties of the coherent state of a pair of almost free electrons are studied. Conditions, under which Coulomb repulsion does not make a large influence upon properties of the system and the energy of interaction can be taken into account as perturbation only, are determined. Those conditions depend on the value of relative momentum of the particles and on the ratio of the distance between electrons and dispersion of the coordinate of a particle. Dependence of properties of the system on the total spin value is essential in the case where the distance between particles is comparable to an uncertainty of the coordinate, and the relative momentum - to its dispersion.

Висвітлено проблеми моделювання економічних процесів на макрорівні. Описано методичне підгрунтя основних етапів побудови макроеконометричної моделі України, які включають блок-схему моделі, відбір та обгрунтування ендогенних та екзогенних змінних, формалізований запис основних складових моделі. Проаналізовано методи оцінювання та тестування моделі. Розкрито специфікацію кожного окремого рівняння та моделі у цілому. Визначено її чутливість до зміни зовнішніх факторів. Розглянуто практичне застосування моделі для розробки та оцінювання можливих сценаріїв розвитку економічних процесів. Проведено порівняльний аналіз існуючих моделей в Україні.

A novel family of convolution windows is with integer value weighting factors is proposed. The characteristics of corresponding frequency responses are optimized and analyzed. A methodology of responses parameter improvement in case of restrictions imposed on bit number available for weighting factor representation is discribed and shown to be efficient for partial examples.

Characteristics of multibeam interference in an arbitrarily filled cavity with plane mirrors are analyzed in the case of finite diffusion light scattering on internal nonuniformities. The formula which determines the angular radii of interference rings observed in the far field of such a cavity is received as well. It is shown that sharpness of these rings is independent of the density of mirrors or active medium excitation level and is determined just by cavity's angular aperture. The possibility to apply this phenomenon to optical matching of independent cavities is discussed.

We consider atomic transitions in the Anderson lattice in amorphous semiconductors accompanied by сhanging an atomic charge state. The conditions are calculated under which these transitions will depend not only on temperature but also on the excitation degree of the electron subsystem of a crystal. In this case, one could exert control over the Anderson lattice in amorphous semiconductors by using external actions (heating, irradiation, etc.).

For account and modeling of the electronic circuits the set of methods allowing to make account of various categories of the circuits, for example is developed: the linear, inertial and nonlinear circuits.On these techniques, if there is a problem of designing of a circuit concerning simultaneously to several categories, some features of a circuit or at all are lowered. For the majority of the circuits such assumptions are quite applicable. For example in circuits with a constant working point the nonlinearity in most cases can be replaced by a linear site, as in the general essential nonlinearity on a small constant site is any more not essential, and consequently it can neglect.