Описано конструктивні особливості та визначено силу вимикання обмежувача обертального моменту, який розроблено та запатентовано як корисну модель. Наведено принципову конструкцію приладу, розрахункову схему для початку виходу кульки з зачеплення з пазом його веденої частини та аналітичний вираз зусилля вимикання.

The article analyses the functioning of epicyclical gear train with closed circuit hydrosystem, where the driving element is the sun gear and driven one is the carrier or vice versa. Control element is the ring gear, which rotates or can be stopped by the closed circuit hydrosystem. We have conducted a theoretical research of efficiency in such epicyclical gear train. Using the means of computer modelling, we have obtained graphical dependences of the transmission efficiency from its parameters. The analytical and graphical dependences have been obtained allow visually verifying the change of efficiency value and evaluating it in terms of self-braking.

Визначено ккд диференціалів, коли ведучою ланкою є сонячне колесо першої ступені, веденою - водило останньої, а ланками керування є епіцикли окремих ступеней. Одержані результати мають практичне застосування під час проектування нових пристроїв керування швидкістю, надають можливість оцінити роботу диференціалів з огляду на енерговитрати та самогальмування і є підгрунтям для подальших досліджень.

The article gives the theoretical base for construction of equipment for experimental research of static, kinematic and dynamic characteristics of devices for speed change by epicyclic gear trains with closed circuit hydrosystems through the ring gear during the transmission by them of the periodic, shock long-term or short-term loads or their executive mechanism stoppage due to overload. This equipment can be successfully used for experimental study of devices for speed change by epicyclic gear trains with closed circuit hydrosystems through the carriers or sun gears.

The article deals with problem of speed change management in engineering, i.e., hoisting, building, road and land reclamation machines, cars and tractors, machine tools and other equipment. The review of the methods and devices for stepped, steppless and combined speed change process management have been performed. Their major disadvantages have been identified. Among others, main disadvantages of stepped speed management devices are the complexity of design, their large material consumption, the emergence of dynamic loads during the transition from one speed to another, even in case of synchromesh using. Continuously variable speed devices have intense components wear due to the use of friction connections like brakes or lock-up clutches. The authors lead to the conclusion about the need for new devices of speed change management to remove, or at least decrease, identified deficiencies. New devices suggested for speed changes management via epicyclic gear trains with a closed circuit hydrosystem. Those new constructions are supposed to remove abovementioned shortcomings and can be the basis and foundation for new devices creation and their further research.

In mechanical drives of machines there is a need to control changes in the speed of their actuators. Stepped and stepless gearboxes are used for this purpose. Known speed control devices have many disadvantages that adversely affect the durability and reliability of drive components and machines in general. These include the design complexity, high material consumption, automation complexity, dynamic loads during transitions from one speed to another, intensive wear of parts due to the friction connections use. The purpose of the work is to develop an algorithm for determining the kinematic, power parameters and dimensions when designing speed change devices through the ring gear of a gear differential with a rotary stopper in the form of a closed-loop hydraulic system based on authors' previous computer-theoretical research and classical scientific advices. To solve these problems analytical expressions and graphs have been obtained for the relationship between speeds of gear differential links, the efficiency has been determined by the method of potential power - based on friction losses in each gearing. With the help of computer modeling of analytical expressions, using the MATLAB software, graphical dependences of efficiency have been obtained, which made it possible to evaluate the accomplishment of the gear differential in terms of energy consumption and possible self-braking. Based on Lagrange's theory, a dynamic model of a speed change device with a ring gear control has been constructed and a solution of the obtained system of equations has been proposed. The 3D modeling of the device has been executed and at the final choice of the optimum variant of model, after some specifications, development of technical documentation can be started. The results obtained have practical application at the stage of development and design of new speed control devices through the ring gear, allow to evaluate the operation of gear differentials in terms of energy consumption and selfbraking and are the basis for further research. The graphical dependences obtained for the efficiency of the gear differentials clearly allow us to trace the change in the value of the efficiency depending on the angular velocity of the ring gear and the gear ratio. For the first time, analytical expressions were obtained to determine the efficiency of the gear differential of a speed-changing device with a driving sun gear, driven carrier, or vice versa, more accurately. The resulting graphical dependences for efficiency visually allow to trace change of efficiency value depending on angular speed of a ring gear, as a control link, and the gear ratio. Results are recommended for introduction into design and engineering practice at development of designs of speed change devices through differential gears of drives of various equipment and in educational process of higher technical educational institutions in discipline of mechanical engineering. Areas of further research - improvement of speed change devices through gear differentials in the design, manufacture, operation and repair.

The article deals with the field of machinery, namely, with the protecting of devices for mechanical driving systems. Safety-overrunning clutches, operating on gearing principle, where safety and overrunning parts are mutually integrated, are perspectives for the building based on modular machines. This case is due to their compactness and low components, comparatively with combined constructions.New clutch design is investigated insufficiently. Particularly their calculation methods, namely parts contact stresses determination, developed deficiently. For balltype overrunning clutches, contact strength calculations are well-developed, but its transference on new construction safety-overrunning clutches is impossible because of the difference between parts contact interaction in those clutches. The aims of the article are: to analyze created by authors safetyoverrunning ball-type clutch parts contact interaction features; to propose on its base clutch construction improvement which could provide parts contact stresses minimization out of dependence with clutch manufacturing and assembling accuracy; taking into account Hertz contact interaction theory results, to obtain expressions for determining clutch parts loads and contact stresses. It is established that using safety-overrunning clutch grooves parallel to radius side surfaces is inexpedient. This can increase balls and internal semi-coupling grooves edge contact and significant contact stresses. To exclude the impact of clutch parts manufacturing and assembling accuracy on contact stresses in paper, proposed to incline grooves side surfaces at an angle to the semi-couplings radius, passing through the ball centre in diametric section. Comparatively, contact grooves inclination to radius with the edge allows decreasing contact stresses in 45 - 55 times. Further investigations should be focused on force parameters and operating characteristics justification for a clutch with inclined grooves proposed in this paper.