Індекс рубрикатора НБУВ: О12-042

Рубрики:

Рухомий склад транспорту (засоби сполучення)

Шифр НБУВ: Ж24320 Пошук видання у каталогах НБУВ 

Індекс рубрикатора НБУВ: О335.53-042.73

Рубрики:

Автобуси

Шифр НБУВ: Ж24320 Пошук видання у каталогах НБУВ 

This research aims to simulate structural steel 400 (SS400) material as an alternative material for the electric bus's chassis structure. The kind of the material is low carbon steel. The SS400 material is produced from one of the largest steel mills in Indonesia, considered a local material. The local material used to increase the total domestic content in electric cars in Indonesia could be improved. Generally, the reverse engineering method of the R260 ladder frame type chassis is used to increase the local content in electric vehicles. However, this research used a ladder frame of type SS400 from local material to fulfill the local content of vehicle (EV)-bus chassis with the reverse engineering method. After the model was successfully created using the finite element software, statics analysis was carried out using the von Mises stress and the simulation results' deflection. The meshing process of the chassis structure is carried out in such a way as to assume global contact. Loading was evenly carried out over the two main beam ladder frames totaling 14,200 kg. The elasticity modulus and tensile strength values used for the material are 190 GPa and 480 MPa. Furthermore, the support was placed in the mounting position of the front and rear wheel leaf springs at a front, rear overhang, and wheelbase distance of 2,380 mm, 3,290 mm, and 6,000 mm. The resulting approach was carried out using a beam model with a two-overhang beam model. The simulation results showed that type SS400 from the local material obtained a maximum von Mises stress value of 75,8 MPa, deflection of 2,568 mm, and the lowest safety factor of 3,2. Meanwhile, through theoretical calculations, the obtained stress occurred in 72,33 MPa and deflection of 2,594. There is no significant difference between simulation results and theoretical results.

This study aims to develop alternative steering models for the EV bus. The EV bus uses its energy source from the main 384 VDC 300 Ah battery and the secondary battery with a capacity of 25,8 VDC 100 Ah. The use of energy in this electric bus is divided into the main components, namely the BLDC motor as the main drive of 200 kW, 15 kW of air conditioning, 7,5 kW of hydraulic power steering, a compressor for the air braking system of 4 kW, and accessory components. The other is 2,4 kW. It is expected that this 7,5 kW electric power can be reduced by an electric system by up to 20 %. This research will study the steering system with an electric power system (EPS) to convert the hydraulic steering system (HPS). With this EPS system, it is hoped that controlling the vehicle's motion towards the steer by wire will be easier. Initially, data were collected from the types of large vehicles from various well-known brands about the steering system used. A large commercial vehicle that purely uses EPS is not yet found. The model developed for EPS on this electric bus is through the reverse engineering method by redrawing all the components involved in the previous steering system. Because this type of EV bus is included in the upper mid-size class, this paper proposes two new EPS models, namely the addition of an assist motor on the drag link and on the steering rack. The links involved in this system are wheel drive, steering column, lower steering column, rack and pinion gear, assist motor, drop link, drag link, drop link extension, drag link extension, tie rod, knuckle, kingpin, tire, axle beam and several others. The values of stiffness, inertia, and damping of each link will affect the driver's torque and the assist motor as a wheel speed function on this electric bus. The steering structure of the EV bus consists of a truss structure and a frame structure with a kinematic structure consisting of two four-bar linkages joined together.