The article analyzes hazardous household waste, including detergents, paints, adhesives, expired medicines, luminescent lamps, pesticides, fertilizers, batteries and accumulators, electrical and electronic waste, mercury-containing materials. Research shows that they contain a large quantity of dangerous and toxic substances (compounds of heavy metals, chlorinated polymers, aromatic hydrocarbons, surfactants, etc.), which pose a significant risk to the environment and human. The analysis of hazardous household waste management in the Vinnytsia region has showed absence of the appropriate management system. Hazardous household waste is collected separately only fragmentary and is released into environment together with other household waste, creating an environmental hazard in the region. The article also contains recommendations for the hazardous household waste management.

The aim of the research is to collect the information and analyze integrated systems of municipal solid waste (MSW) management and treatment in Vinnytsia region for its further optimization. The state of landfills and waste dump sites in Vinnytsia region, existing MSW collection system (container availability) and waste transportation system (availability and frequency of transportation) in all districts of Vinnytsia region, legal framework in the field of solid waste management, the state of public awareness and public opinion on MSW management in Vinnytsia region are analyzed; recommendations for environmental safety of Vinnytsia region in the waste management sphere are given.

The purpose of the study is to determine the levels of hazardous pesticides used in Ukraine and the world and to identify the most dangerous of them. The main agrochemical manufacturers of Ukraine are analyzed and a list of active pesticide substances is made. The ecotoxic method has been used and the list of the most environmentally hazardous pesticides for the environment and humans has been established. The mechanism of increasing environmental safety by using different pesticides on agricultural lands with acid and alkaline soils is proposed.

In Ukraine, there is still a great number of unused, unidentified and substandard pesticide preparations (PPs) and other toxic substances which have an extremely dangerous impact on humans and other living ecosystems and the environment. Besides, more than 75 thousand tons of pesticides are imported and produced annually in Ukraine, but some of them are not used during the period of their suitability. Consequently, when stored mostly in dilapidated warehouses and repositories of agrochemicals, as well as in the open areas, they fall into underground and ground water, and then through trophic chains into the organisms of living systems, causing severe poisoning and diseases. We note that till now, the problem of unsuitable PPs was solved only in the context of their utilization or export for processing outside the state, while the rest of this ecological problem - the restoration of soils and the remediation of contaminated lands at the state level, is not virtually solved. Therefore, the substantiation of the scientific and practical aspects of environmental safety management of such remediation processes is on time.

In Ukraine, there is a problem of environmentally hazardous handling of used packaging of pesticides and other toxic chemicals and hazardous waste which can pose a serious threat to human health and the environment. The paper presents modern methods of disposal of pesticide packaging in the world and the situation in Ukraine. The Ukrainian and worldenvironmental legislations regulating the problem of pesticide packaging management are analyzed. The scheme of processing and disposal of pesticide containers is proposed. Types and materials from which pesticide packaging is made are analyzed. Methods and equipment for washing of pesticide containers and handling of washing solutions are given. As a result, it is recommended to intensify the process of organizing a system for collecting, certifying and setting up licensed pesticide and other hazardous waste disposal facilities, as well as ensuring state support and the use of the best international experience.

An alternative method of purification of aqueous sulfide-alkaline effluents from sulfide and hydrosulfide ions by their adsorption with mixed sorbents based on activated charcoal and kieselguhr has been investigated. High adsorption efficiency of mixed sorbents for purification of model sulfide- and hydrosulfide-containing solutions has been established. The dependence of the extraction degree of sulfide and hydrosulfide ions from aqueous solutions on their concentration, adsorption time and sorbent mass used has been investigated. The surface of mixed sorbents after purification of sulfide-alkaline model solutions was investigated by X-ray analysis, and the presence of various modifications of sodium sulfide on the surface was shown. The scheme of adsorption treatment of industrial sewage with the use of mixed sorbents has been offered.

Шифр НБУВ: Ж16377 Пошук видання у каталогах НБУВ 

Purpose. To increase the efficiency of using methods for assessing the level of soil contamination by oil products against the background of the influence of other factors. Methodology. The authors consider the possibility of using bioassays to study the impact of several stressors on the test system. Based on the theory of experiment planning, a methodology for researching the influence of hyperthermia and soil contamination with kerosene on the growth parameters of test objects was developed. On the basis of the obtained experimental data, regression models were built which allow finding a numerical estimate of the impact of stress factors on changes in the characteristics of the test object. Findings. It was determined that, as a rule, in order to assess the influence of stressful factors when normalizing the assumed levels of their influence on humans and ecosystems using biotesting methods, such an assessment is carried out for individual factors. But, in the real conditions of existence of plants and organisms, they are exposed to the simultaneous influence of many factors that can interact non-additively, i.e. as antagonists or synergists. In order to increase the efficiency of the use of methods for biotesting of the level of soil contamination by oil products against the background of the influence of other factors, the authors applied one of the methods of mathematical planning of the experiment. It was concluded that the effect of one factor depends, to a certain extent, on the effect of the other factor, the effect of which was studied in the work. The fact of the non-additive effect of the factors used in the experiment makes it possible to recommend the use of test objects in the practice of monitoring the condition of soils in technogenically loaded territories previously exposed to the action of hyperthermia. Originality. The toxic effect of the petroleum product depends, to a certain extent, on the effect of hyperthermia. Pretreatment of the test objects with a hyperthermic factor in a hormesis dose had a preventive effect, increasing the resistance of the test objects to the effect of the petroleum product. Practical value. The fact of the non-additive effect of the factors used in the experiment makes it possible to recommend the use of test objects previously exposed to the action of hyperthermia for monitoring the condition of soils in technogenically loaded territories.