Vol. 2 : Dominica to Italy. - 348 p.

Human rights are the basic freedoms, liberties, and protections to which all persons are entitled. Human rights are not specilic to one government or religion. They do not differ in times of war or peace. Human rights are constant and inalienable rights, possessed by all people. Ideally, governments should promote and protect human rights through systems of law. Today, human rights include life, liberty, and security of person; the freedom of religion, thought, political expression, movement, assembly, speech, and organization; due process of law, education, employment, health, property ownership, cultural preservation; the right to marry and found a family; and freedom from discrimination, unjust punishment, persecution, tyranny, and oppression. The modern concept ol human rights developed over diree centuries. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the concept of natural rights emerged. Natural rights are not subject to any political, legal, or religious system. They are inalienable rights that humans possess from birth...

Кл.слова:
свобода -- законодавство

Vol. 1. - 396 p.

On 28 June 1996, almost five years after achieving independence, and after an exceptionally prolonged framing process capped by an all-night marathon session, the Parliament of Ukraine (the "Verkhovna Rada") passed the new state's first Constitution. This document has been widely heralded in Ukraine as confirmation of the permanence of that country's transition to democracy and statehood, and as a blueprint for the next stage of state-building reforms (Tatsiy et. al. 1996). According to such claims, the Constitution establishes ("zatverdzhuye") Ukraine as a European nation-state with a firm system of democratic institutions, and with citizen's rights enshrined in law. As such, it represents the completion of Ukraine's first stage of transition from Soviet rule, and permanently installs a stable political order within which further reforms are to be enacted.

Кл.слова:
конституція

China now has its legal system in place, and in recent years it has assembled substantive laws and regulations that govern the workplace, the employment relationship, and the contractual and statutory rights and benefits of its workers. As China moves ahead to raise the legal standards and levels of coverage and enforcement in these areas and its social security safety net, it also seeks to balance its very successful economic growth and competitive advantages especially as these relate to labor. Employers face increasing obligations and technical legal requirements, which in earlier years did not exist or at least were not consistently enforced. The current global economic downturn now puts added pressures on China to maintain advancement in labor and employment laws.

Кл.слова:
китайське право -- закон Китаю

The transnational circulation ofpeople and ideas is transforming the world we live in, but grasping its full complexity is extraordinarily difficult. To do so, it is essential to focus on specific places where transnational flows are happening. The international human rights movement against violence to women provides a valuable site for understanding how new categories ofmeaning emerge and are applied to social practices around the world. These meanings are often enthusiastically appropriated by regional, national, and local social movements and used to criticize everyday practices ofviolence. In order for human rights ideas to be effective, however, they need to be translated into local terms and situated within local contexts of power and meaning. They need, in other words, to be remade in the vernacular. How does this happen? Do people in local communities reframe human rights ideas to fit into their system ofcultural meanings? Do they resist ideas that seem unfamiliar? Examining this process is crucial to understanding the way human rights act in the contemporaryworld.

Кл.слова:
транснаціоналізм -- правосуддя

Having its origins in the process of transformation and land reform that began to take shape in South Africa at the end of the last century, this strikingly original analysis of property starts from deep inside the property regime. Focusing on issues of stability and change in a transformative setting, and on the role of tradition and legal culture in that context, the book argues that a property regime, including the system of property holdings and the rules and practices that entrench and protect them, tends to insulate itself against change through the security- and stability-seeking tendency of tradition and legal culture, including the deep assumptions about security and stability embedded in the rights paradigm, rhetoric, and logic that dominate current legal culture. The rights paradigm tends to stabilize the current distribution of property holdings by securing extant property holdings on the assumption that they are lawfully acquired, socially important, and politically and morally legitimate. This function of the rights paradigm tends to resist or minimize change, including change brought about by morally, politically, and legally legitimate reform efforts. The book gauges the lasting power of the rights paradigm in South Africa by investigating its effects in the margins of property law, and of society, by establishing the actual efficacy and power of reformist or transformative anti-eviction policies and legislation aimed at the protection of marginalized and weak land users and occupiers. It explores the possibility of opening up theoretical space where justice-inspired changes to the extant property regime can be imagined and discussed from an unusual perspective, a perspective from the margins which is valuable for any theoretical consideration or discussion of property. This book will be of interest to scholars and practitioners of native land issues.

Кл.слова:
власність

The Gay Rights Question in Contemporary American Law offers an unusually nuanced analysis of the most pressing gay rights issues. Does antigay discrimination violate the Constitution? Is there any sound moral objection to homosexual conduct? Are such objections the moral and constitutional equivalent of racism? Must state laws recognizing same-sex unions be given effect in other states? Should courts take account of popular resistance to gay equality? Koppelman sheds new light on all these questions. Sure to upset purists on either side of the debate, Koppelman's book criticizes the legal arguments advanced both for and against gay rights. Just as important, it places these arguments in broader moral and social contexts, offering original, pragmatic, and workable legal solutions.

Кл.слова:
законодавство -- ґендер -- гомосексуальність -- гомофобія

A concise account of international law by an experienced practitioner, this book explains how states and international organisations, especially the United Nations, make and use international law. The nature of international law and its fundamental concepts and principles are described, and the differences and relationships between various areas of international law which are often misunderstood (such as diplomatic and state immunity, and human rights and international humanitarian law) are clearly explained. Also discussed is the essence of new specialist areas of international law, relating to the environment, human rights and terrorism.

Кл.слова:
законодавство

Economic, social and cultural rights (ESC rights) are protected in several international human rights instruments, the most comprehensive being the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR or ‘the Covenant’), which has been ratified by a vast majority of states. One of the most recent developments with respect to the international protection of ESC rights has been the unanimous adoption on 10 December 2008 by the United Nations General Assembly of an Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (GA resolution A/RES/63/117).

Кл.слова:
юриспруденція -- міжнародний закон

In January 2002 Fiji presented its first ever country report to the United Nations committee charged with monitoring compliance with the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). One of the most controversial sections of the report addressed the use of the practice of bulubulu, or village reconciliation, in cases of rape. During the public presentation of the report in New York City by Fiji’s Assistant Minister for Women, the nuances of bulubulu as a sociolegal practice in postcolonial Fiji were obscured within what quickly became complicated layers of political miscommunication, the imperatives of a surging Fijian nationalism, and, as always, the politicization of culture.

Кл.слова:
юриспруденція

Bain Attwood's Rights for Aborigines is an important addition to the evolving canon on the interrelationships between white and indigenous Australians. His project provides timely scholarship on the discontinuities of the historical struggle of indigenous Australians to participate in a politically sanctioned, and mediated, liberal present. Attwood's approach is to select key case studies as 'representative' (p. xiv) of the development of indigenous engagement with white activists, and white ideas of justice, equality and fairness, in order to overcome colonial disadvantage. These case studies are ordered chronologically to provide clarity on the fractured discursive development of ideas like 'aboriginality' within a coherent temporal framework. They are significant within themselves, focusing on key historical struggles, for example, Coranderrk in the 1870s, the 1938 Day of Mourning, the 1967 referendum, and Tent Embassy in 1972, and will provide that most useful of references — a thorough account of a series of interconnected events with an intelligent analysis — for scholars of history, political science and law. The stand out, in terms of investigating closely the complex ways in which ideas of racial equality changed for both white and indigenous Australians as a result of their close working relationships, was the chapter on the Wave Hill strike. The careful reading of the narratives of engagement set up by CPA writer Frank Hardy with the Gurindji, in particular Vincent Lingiari, allows Attwood to investigate the individualised elements of political and psychological change, while still showing how probably the most politically significant discourse of recent times, land rights; emerged.

Кл.слова:
право -- культура

The Employer's Handbook has established itself as a source of reliable and unambiguous advice for small - and medium - sized employers. The book is a comprehensive source of hands-on advice on the increasingly complex legal framework now governing UK employment law. Presented in plain English, it includes guidelines on age discrimination legislation and the latest employment tribunal forms. It also provides access to free legal updates and downloadable templates, forms and policy documents for dealing with key employment issues, including: recruiting staff; writing contracts; performance management; maternity/ paternity rights; data protection; terminating employment; and working with trade unions.

Кл.слова:
роботодавець -- працевлаштування

The Employer's Handbook has established itself as a source of reliable and unambiguous advice for small - and medium - sized employers. The book is a comprehensive source of hands-on advice on the increasingly complex legal framework now governing UK employment law. Presented in plain English, it includes guidelines on age discrimination legislation and the latest employment tribunal forms. It also provides access to free legal updates and downloadable templates, forms and policy documents for dealing with key employment issues, including: recruiting staff; writing contracts; performance management; maternity/ paternity rights; data protection; terminating employment; and working with trade unions.

Кл.слова:
працевлаштування -- роботодавець

Asymmetric conflict is changing the way that we practise and think about war. Torture, rendition, assassination, blackmail, extortion, direct attacks on civilians, and chemical weapons are all finding their way to the battlefield despite longstanding international prohibitions. This book offers a practical guide for policy makers, military officers, students, and others who ask such questions as: Do guerillas deserve respect or long jail sentences? Are there grounds to torture guerillas for information or assassinate them on the battlefield? Is there room for nonlethal weapons to subdue militants and safeguard the lives of noncombatants? Who are noncombatants in asymmetric war? What is the status of civilians who shelter and aid guerillas? And, do guerillas have any right to attack civilians, particularly those who aid and shelter members of the stronger army? If one side can expand the scope of civilian vulnerability, then why can't the other? To read and comment on Michael Gross's blog article on the UN Human Rights Council Report on Gaza

Кл.слова:
збройний конфлікт -- військова агресія

The Gale Encyclopedia of Everyday Law is a twovolume encyclopedia of practical information on laws and issues affecting people’s everyday lives. Readers will turn to this work for help in answering questions such as, “What is involved in estate planning?” “Do I have any recourse to noisy neighbors?” and “What are the consequences of an expired visa?” This Encyclopedia aims to educate people about their rights under the law, although it is not intended as a self-help or ‘do-it-yourself’ legal resource. It seeks to fill the niche between legal texts focusing on the theory and history behind the law and shallower, more practical guides to dealing with the law.

Кл.слова:
юриспруденція -- законодавство

Is Islam compatible with human rights? This fundamental question has generated a large body of literature addressing the question from different, often opposing, positions. The literalist reading of Islam emphasises the gaps between the limits of tolerance and acceptability in the Quràn and Hadith on the one hand, and internationally-sanctioned standards for human rights. The status of women and religious freedom are often the two key area of contention.

Кл.слова:
ісламська країна -- права мусульман

The book opens boldly: The law is real, but it is also a figment of our imaginations. Like all fundamental social institutions it casts a shadow of popular belief that may ultimately be more significant, albeit more difficult to comprehend, than the authorities, rules, and penalties that we ordinarily associate with law.

Кл.слова:
законодавство -- право

This book intervenes in contemporary debates about the threat posed to democratic life by political emergencies. Must emergency necessarily enhance and centralize top-down forms of sovereignty? Those who oppose executive branch enhancement often turn instead to law, insisting on the sovereignty of the rule of law or demanding that law rather than force be used to resolve conflicts with enemies. But are these the only options? Or are there more democratic ways to respond to invocations of emergency politics? Looking at how emergencies in the past and present have shaped the development of democracy, Bonnie Honig argues that democracies must resist emergency's pull to focus on life's necessities (food, security, and bare essentials) because these tend to privatize and isolate citizens rather than bring us together on behalf of hopeful futures. Emphasizing the connections between mere life and more life, emergence and emergency, Honig argues that emergencies call us to attend anew to a neglected paradox of democratic politics: that we need good citizens with aspirational ideals to make good politics while we need good politics to infuse citizens with idealism. Honig takes a broad approach to emergency, considering immigration politics, new rights claims, contemporary food politics and the infrastructure of consumption, and the limits of law during the Red Scare of the early twentieth century. Taking its bearings from Moses Mendelssohn, Franz Rosenzweig, and other Jewish thinkers, this is a major contribution to modern thought about the challenges and risks of democratic orientation and action in response to emergency.

Кл.слова:
політика -- законодавство

Susan K. Sell s book shows how power in international politics is increasingly exercised by private interests rather than governments. In 1994 the WTO adopted the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), which dictated to states how they should regulate the protection of intellectual property. This book argues that TRIPS resulted from lobbying by twelve powerful CEOs of multinational corporations who wished to mould international law to protect their markets. This book examines the politics leading up to TRIPS, the first seven years of its implementation, and the political backlash against TRIPS in the face of the HIV/AIDS crisis. Focusing on global capitalism, ideas, and economic coercion, this work explains the politics behind TRIPS and the controversies created in its wake. It is a fascinating study of the influence of private interests in government decision-making, and in the shaping of the global economy.

Кл.слова:
глобальний капіталізм -- глобальна економіка -- захист прав інтелектуальної власності