In this book, David E. Brandt examines the legal, psychological, and cultural issues relevant to understanding antisocial behavior in adolescence. Based on his own research and a broad analysis of recent work in the field, Brandt identifies the factors that are common in cases of delinquency. The discussion considers the long-term effects of social issues such as poverty as well as psychological issues such as the high levels of stress and anxiety suffered during childhood by many delinquents. He shows how a failure to meet the developmental needs of children—at both the family level and at a broader social and political level—is at the core of the problem of juvenile delinquency. Brandt concludes with an inquiry into how best to prevent delinquency. Programs that address the developmental needs of children, Brandt argues, are more effective than policing, juvenile courts, or incarceration.

Кл.слова:
культура -- поведінка -- правопорушення

Children of almost any age can break the law, but at what age should children first face the possibility of criminal responsibility for their alleged crimes? This work is the first global analysis of national minimum ages of criminal responsibility (MACRs), the international legal obligations that surround them, and the principal considerations for establishing and implementing respective age limits. Taking an international children's rights approach, with a rich theoretical framework and the vitality of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, this work maintains a critical perspective, such as in challenging the assumptions of many children's rights scholars and advocates. Compiling the age limits and statutory sources for all countries, this book explains the broad historical origins behind most of them, identifying the recurring practical challenges that affect every country and providing the first comprehensive evidence that a general principle of international law requires all nations, regardless of their treaty ratifications, to establish respective minimum age limits.

Кл.слова:
дитина -- законодавство -- кримінальна відповідальність

This book is an introductory textbook on sexual politics and an original contribution to the reformulation of social and political theory. In a discussion of, among other issues, psychoanalysis, Marxism and feminist theories, the structure of gender relations, and working class feminism, the author has produced a work of synthesis and scholarship which should be of interest to students and professionals in sociology, politics, women's studies and to anyone interested in the field of sexual politics.

Кл.слова:
ґендерна політика -- фемінізм -- психоаналіз -- толерантність

Identifies the sources and routes used by arm traffickers to buy, sell, transfer,and ship weapons and the implication of small-arms trafficking patterns for U.S. policy.

Кл.слова:
політика Колумбії

Contemporary Peace Making draws on recent experience to identify and explore the essential components of peace processes. Each chapter examines a different element in recent peace processes. The collection is organized around five main themes: planning for peace during periods of violence, the process of negotiations (including pre-negotiation), the effects of violence on peace processes, peace accords—constitutional and political options—and securing the settlement and building the peace

Кл.слова:
мирні процеси -- військові конфлікти -- насильство -- політика

Ruling the World?: Constitutionalism, International Law, and Global Governance provides an interdisciplinary analysis of the major developments and central questions in debates over international constitutionalism at the UN, EU, WTO, and other sites of global governance. The essays in this volume explore controversial empirical and structural questions, doctrinal and normative issues, and questions of institutional design and positive political theory. Ruling the World? grows out of a three-year research project that brought twelve leading scholars together to create a comprehensive and integrated framework for understanding global constitutionalization. Ruling the World? is the first volume to explore in a cross-cutting way constitutional discourse across international regimes, constitutional pluralism, and relations among transnational and domestic constitutions. The volume examines the core assumptions, basic analytic tools, and key challenges in contemporary debates over international constitutionalization.

Кл.слова:
конституція -- право

Since the civil rights era, the doctrine of nonviolence has enjoyed near-universal acceptance by the US Left. Today protest is often shaped by cooperation with state authorities—even organizers of rallies against police brutality apply for police permits, and anti-imperialists usually stop short of supporting self-defense and armed resistance. How Nonviolence Protects the State challenges the belief that nonviolence is the only way to fight for a better world. In a call bound to stir controversy and lively debate, Peter Gelderloos invites activists to consider diverse tactics, passionately arguing that exclusive nonviolence often acts to reinforce the same structures of oppression that activists seek to overthrow. Contemporary movements for social change face plenty of difficult questions, but sometimes matters of strategy and tactics receive low priority. Many North American activists fail to scrutinize the role of nonviolence

Кл.слова:
політика -- міжнародне право -- ненасильницький спротив

Publishers, journalists, and authors can be sued for violating legal standards thousands of miles away from where they work. This book, written primarily for journalists and editors, but of use to their lawyers, explains risks publishers should understand prior to publication, steps to take to avoid legal conflicts, and available defenses in the event of a claim. This new second edition of International Libel and Privacy Handbook is an updated nation-by-nation summary of libel and privacy law written by local practitioners in an easy-to-use reference format covering Europe, Asia, the Middle East, and the Americas.

Кл.слова:
право

The 2011 Global Study on Homicide has been conceived to provide a unique overview of the ultimate crime. The picture it paints is of a phenomenon marked by large disparities in distribution, demographics, typologies and mechanisms.

Кл.слова:
вбивство -- злочинність

Can open source software - software that is usually available without charge and that individuals are free to modify - survive against the fierce competition of proprietary software, such as Microsoft Windows? Should the government intervene on its behalf? This work addresses a host of issues raised by the rapid growth of open source software, including government procurement policy, and patent and copyright policy. Contributors offer diverse perspectives on a phenomenon that has become a lightning rod for controversy in the field of information technology.

Кл.слова:
відкрите ПЗ -- вільне ПЗ

Policymakers are engaged in a continuing, thorough reexamination of how national and state governments regulate areas ranging from telecommunications to the environment. So extensive is the questioning of the familiar, and so daring some of the proposed and actual changes, that the movement deserves the term revolution. In this volume Robert W. Hahn shows how a deeper understanding of the economic and social impacts of regulation is fueling the regulatory revolution. People are becoming more aware that regulations impose costs on individuals, even if those costs are hidden from view, as is the case with most regulation. Changes in the economic benefits and costs of regulation that technology has induced are also driving the revolution. Those technological innovations increase the cost of maintaining the existing regulatory structure and thus create pressure for change. Hahn demonstrates how improvements in monitoring outputs and behavior are propelling the revolution. We need, Hahn asserts, to examine the revolution in regulation not only in terms of its impact on national economies, but also in terms of its potential international effects. For example, stringent regulation of the environment in one country may induce firms to relocate to other countries. In addition, product specifications introduced under the guise of protecting consumers may give domestic producers a competitive advantage. Thus, regulation can dramatically influence the pattern of international trade and investment. The international ramifications of domestic regulation are likely to increase in importance as markets become more global. Hahn points out that just as nations have attempted to coordinate their activities to reduce direct trade barriers such as tariffs, they may also need to coordinate some regulatory activities that distort patterns of trade and investment.

Кл.слова:
державне регулювання

Legal and public policies concerning youth gun violence tend to rely heavily on crime reports, survey data, and statistical methods. Rarely is attention given to the young voices belonging to those who carry high-powered semiautomatic handguns. In Language of the Gun, Bernard E. Harcourt recounts in-depth interviews with youths detained at an all-malecorrectional facility, exploring how they talk about guns and what meanings they ascribe to them in a broader attempt to understand some of the assumptions implicit in current handgun policies. In the process, Harcourt redraws the relationships among empirical research, law, and public policy. Home to over 150 repeat offenders ranging in age from twelve to seventeen, the Catalina Mountain School is made up of a particular stratum of boys—those who have committed the most offenses but will still be released upon reaching adulthood. In an effort to understand the symbolic and emotional language of guns and gun carrying, Harcourt interviewed dozens of these incarcerated Catalina boys. What do these youths see in guns? What draws them to handguns? Why do some of them carry and others not? For Harcourt, their often surprising answers unveil many of the presuppositions that influence our laws and policies.

Кл.слова:
кримінал -- обіг зброї -- самозахист

European broadcasting policy has attracted attention from many disciplines because it has dual nature: cultural and commercial. This 2007 book offers a detailed treatment of European broadcasting law, set against an overview of policy in this area. In this respect the authors identify tensions within the EU polity as regards the appropriate level, purpose and mechanism of broadcast regulation. Key influences are problems of competence, the impact of changing technology and the consequences of increasing commercialisation. Furthermore, the focus of the analysis is on the practical implications of the legal framework on viewers, and the authors distinguish both between citizen and consumer and between the passive and active viewer. The underlying question is the extent to which those most in need of protection by regulation, given the purpose of broadcasting, are adequately protected.

Кл.слова:
мовлення