Children of almost any age can break the law, but at what age should children first face the possibility of criminal responsibility for their alleged crimes? This work is the first global analysis of national minimum ages of criminal responsibility (MACRs), the international legal obligations that surround them, and the principal considerations for establishing and implementing respective age limits. Taking an international children's rights approach, with a rich theoretical framework and the vitality of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, this work maintains a critical perspective, such as in challenging the assumptions of many children's rights scholars and advocates. Compiling the age limits and statutory sources for all countries, this book explains the broad historical origins behind most of them, identifying the recurring practical challenges that affect every country and providing the first comprehensive evidence that a general principle of international law requires all nations, regardless of their treaty ratifications, to establish respective minimum age limits.

Vol. 1 : А - С. - 1-359 pp.

Historian Eliza Earle Ferguson’s meticulously researched study of domestic violence among the working class in France uncovers the intimate details of daily life and the complex workings of court proceedings in fin-de-siècle Paris. With detective-like methods, Ferguson pores through hundreds of court records to understand why so many perpetrators of violent crime were fully acquitted. She finds that court verdicts depended on community standards for violence between couples. Her search uncovers voluminous testimony from witnesses, defendants, and victims documenting the conflicts and connections among men and women who struggled to balance love, desire, and economic need in their relationships. Ferguson's detailed analysis of these cases enables her to reconstruct the social, cultural, and legal conditions in which they took place. Her ethnographic approach offers unprecedented insight into the daily lives of nineteenth-century Parisians, revealing how they chose their partners, what they fought about, and what drove them to violence. In their battles over money and sex, couples were in effect testing, stretching, and enforcing gender roles. Gender and Justice will interest social and legal historians for its explanation of how the working class of fin-de-siècle Paris went about their lives and navigated the judicial system. Gender studies scholars will find Ferguson’s analysis of the construction of gender particularly trenchant.

Child labour remains a widespread problem around the world. Over 200 million children can be regarded as child labourers, and about 10 million children are involved in producing either agricultural or manufactured products for export. Franziska Humbert explores the status of child labour in international law. Offering a wide-ranging analysis of the problem, she explores the various UN and ILO instruments and reveals the weaknesses of the current frameworks installed by these bodies to protect children from economic exploitation. After assessing to what extent trade measures such as conditionalities, labelling and trade restrictions and promotional activities can reduce child labour, she suggests an alternative legal framework which takes into account the needs of children.

The book is intended as a specialist textbook that will support a course or lecture block on LGBTQ psychology (or the psychology of sexualities and genders). At the same time, each chapter is intended to stand alone, and provide an introduction to a particular aspect of LGBTQ psychology, so LGBTQ perspectives and experiences can be incorporated into a wide range of psychology topics such as, for example, lifespan development, prejudice, health, research methods, family and relationships. Readers ‘dipping in’ to some of the later chapters can consult the glossary for definitions of key concepts.

What makes trust such a powerful concept? This question has been at the back of my mind for about nine years now while I have been researching trust both in highly abstract terms and in more practical settings. It is with great pleasure and satisfaction, but also with a sense of vulnerability and uncertainty, of course, that I present in this book what I believe to be the most important approaches to understanding trust in the social sciences as well as core original insights into the leap of faith as the essential element at the heart of trust. Young scholars are increasingly discouraged from writing books and advised to focus their efforts on journal articles. Personally, I am glad that people around me have encouraged me to compose and publish this work. The opportunity to develop and describe my scholarly understanding of trust more thoroughly has been immensely valuable to me because in this book I can connect my most recent thoughts with some ideas that I have presented separately in articles and chapters elsewhere. As a result, a bigger picture emerges not just for me, but also for the reader. I have noticed that key inspirations have often come from books rather than articles on trust, which might reflect the fact that trust is a complex topic that does not lend itself well to merely incremental or fragmented contributions. Books, however, can integrate a broad range of ideas and move the field in new directions. The authors whose writings have enabled me to develop my own argument are duly cited in this book. Of those who have encouraged, inspired and assisted me in my work on trust over the years in person, I would like to thank specifically: Mats Alvesson, Reinhard Bachmann, Jens Beckert, Katinka Bijlsma-Frankema, Sandro Castaldo, John Child, Nicole Gillespie, Chris Grey, Rod Kramer, Christel Lane, Frederique Six, Denise Skinner, Jorg Sydow, Malin Tillmar, Antoinette Weibel, Arnold Windeler and Aks Zaheer. Countless others have also helped me through constructive dialogue and exchanges of ideas. I am grateful to all of them and hope that this work provokes further lively discussion to which I already look forward.

Crib death (SIDS) is the most frequent cause of death for infants during the first year. A systematic study of the autonomic nervous system and cardiac system has been performed on a large number of infants and fetuses who died suddenly and unexpectedly, as well as in age-matched control cases. The neurological and cardiac findings are described here, and the relationship between SIDS and unexplained fetal death is discussed.

This book examines the idea of 'parental responsibility' in English law and what is expected of a responsible parent. The scope of 'parental responsibility', a key concept in family law, is undefined and often ambiguous. Yet, to date, more attention has been paid to how individuals acquire parental responsibility than to the question of the rights, powers, duties and responsibilities they have once they obtain it. This book redresses the balance by providing the first sustained examination of the different elements of parental responsibility, bringing together leading scholars to comment on specific aspects of its operation. The book begins by exploring the conceptual underpinnings of parental responsibility in the context of parents' and children's rights. The analysis highlights the inherent constraints and limitations of 'parental responsibility' and how its scope has deliberately been curtailed in certain contexts. The book then considers what parental responsibility allows and requires in specific areas, for example, naming a child, education, religious upbringing, medical treatment, corporal punishment, dealing with any contracts entered into or property owned by the child, representing the child in legal proceedings, consenting to a child's marriage or civil partnership and the law's response to the death of a child. In the final section, the idea of the 'responsible parent' is considered in the contexts of child support, contact, tort, and criminal law.

Vol 1 : A - C. - P. 1-550

This book--at times disjointed, rambling, self-referential, and irreverent--is decades ahead of its time. It's an interdisciplinarian's dream as Twain takes on economics, geography, politics, ancient and contemporary history, and folklore with equal ease. Mostly though, one appreciates his knack for exaggeration, the tall tale, and the outright lie. It's a triumph of tone, as he lets you in on his wild wit, his keen observation, and his penchant for bending the truth without losing his credibility as a guide. The book's structure is also modern: He recounts his days as a paddlewheel steam boat "cub," piloting the hundreds of miles of the Mississippi before the Civil War, then, in Part 2, returns to retrace his paddleboat route. Although a few of his many digressions don't work (they sometimes sound formulaic or too detailed) most of the narrative is extremely entertaining. Twain seems caught between admiration and disdain for the "modern" age-but he also rejects over-sentimentality over the past. He writes with beauty and cynicism, verve and humor. Very highly recommended!

Book Description Hilariously picaresque, epic in scope, alive with the poetry and vigor of the American people, Mark Twain's story about a young boy and his journey down the Mississippi was the first great novel to speak in a truly American voice. Influencing subsequent generations of writers – from Sherwood Anderson to Twain's fellow Missourian, T.S. Eliot, from Ernest Hemingway and William Faulkner to J.D. Salinger – Huckleberry Finn, like the river which flows through its pages, is one of the great sources which nourished and still nourishes the literature of America.

Several scholars have stressed the limits of language in the course of researching violence or when writing about it (Appadurai 1996, Das 2007). Our language seems insufficient to describe the horrors of violence (Binford 2004). Often, words seem to be frozen, and experiences of violence thus appear as if they could only be voiced from a distant position (Das and Kleinman 2001). How can we grasp the meaning of violence? How can anthropologists document the far-reaching and long term effects of violent actions? Focusing solely on narratives of violence and the context in which they emerge, is not sufficient to understand the meaning and the effects of violence. Particularly in realms of human experience, it is obvious that verbal language represents merely one among several ways of expression like gestures, rituals or certain kinds of public manifestations. An exploration of the vast range of different modes of expression thus promises to be the more adequate way to approach, register and understand the comprehensive manifestations and long-lasting effects of violence. This is the basic consideration why we chose ‘expressions’ of violence as the title for this volume, and asked the contributors to document and to analyze the diverging forms in which violence is addressed or conveyed. All the chapters of this volume thus deal with a paradox, as they attempt to turn into text violent experiences that, as we just presumed, cannot be expressed through verbal everyday language. The chapters discuss violence that is communicated through silences, rumours, literary narrations, represented in muted bodies, in rituals or role models. In order to grasp the meaning of violence as such, the contributors applied different perspectives, methods and analytical approaches. To comprehend the unspoken and the silence, most of the researchers have chosen a haptic approach. We borrow this term from Nordstrom (2010), who has defined her approach as ‘research through the senses’. Nordstrom has described the complexity of violence, its blurriness and its routinization or almost naturalization. In a similar approach, Verrips (2007) criticized researchers’ self-imposed restriction on visual manifestation in general, and claimed that a more balanced attention should be paid to our entire bodily sensorial experience. ‘We would then focus on [the] difficulty to grasp phenomena as deeply felt emotions and desires […] as well as the irrational and the fantastic, the absurd and the surreal.’ Our heavy emphasis on the role of the mind, reason and rationality, should give way to an increased interest in the sensual and emotional dimensions that are inherent in ‘our somatic experience of reality’ (Verrips 2007: 31).

Благонадійні в 1940-х чи 1950-х роках підручники, романи, опери, картини нібито безнадійно застаріли, а грізні викривальні постанови ЦК КПРС «у галузі культури» припали пилом. Та все-таки події, що їх аналізує канадський історик з Університету Вікторії Сергій Єкельчик, сьогодення стосуються безпосередньо. Утверджені за тих часів концепції дружби народів СРСР та українсько-російського братерства чинні у політичному дискурсі дотепер. Ба більше, зужиті ідеологеми тяжіють і над найзатятішими опонентами всього «совєтського» в сучасній Україні: ті також вірять в об’єктивне існування нації як органічної спільноти й так само уявляють історію як природний лінійний розвиток нації на шляху до здобуття державности (тільки справжньої, а не у формі «Української РСР»). Концепція «возз’єднання» України з Росією 1654 року вже великою мірою скомпрометована, але й далі живе поняття «возз’єднання» всіх українських етнічних земель у складі Української РСР протягом 1939–1945 років, – а саме сталінські ідеологи вперше описали ці події такою мовою. Цю книжку, що її вперше надрукувало видавництво Торонтського університету у 2004 році, присвячено репрезентаціям минулого в українській науці та культурі сталінського часу. Автор підважує стереотипні уявлення про сталінізм як всеохопну й дієву диктатуру й на основі численних архівних джерел аналізує обмеженість і часту неефективність державного контролю над культурою, важливу роль української інтеліґенції у виробленні радянської моделі історичної пам’яті та можливість «прочитати» ідеологічно витримані твори в українському патріотичному дусі. Було би спрощенням думати, доводить Сергій Єкельчик, що тогочасні російсько-українські стосунки – однобічний диктат «старшого брата». Вони насправді становили складну систему контролю, компромісів і конвенцій, до якої активно залучалися тогочасні українські інтелектуали. Попри твердження цілої пострадянської української історіографії, сталінський варіянт української культури не був результатом придушення «природних» національних почуттів місцевої інтеліґенції. Республіканська бюрократія та інтеліґенція, які інтерпретували туманні, проте потужні сиґнали з Кремля, були, як запевняє дослідник, головними гравцями у формуванні сталінської історичної уяви, а шістдесятники підхопили відновлення національного наративу не тому, що були вродженими націоналістами, а тому, що виросли в сталінській імперії пам’яті, а ця імперія не змогла виробити ненаціональної версії минулого.

Книжку Сергія Єкельчика, канадського історика з Університету Вікторії, присвячено репрезентаціям минулого в українській науці й культурі сталінського часу. Автор підважує стереотипні уявлення про сталінізм як всеохопну й дієву диктатуру і на основі численних архівних джерел аналізує обмеженість і часту неефективність державного контролю над культурою, важливу роль української інтелігенції у виробленні радянської моделі історичної пам’яті та можливість «прочитати» ідеологічно витримані твори в українському патріотичному дусі. Було би спрощенням думати, доводить автор, що тогочасні російсько-українські стосунки — однобічний диктат «старшого брата». Вони насправді становили складну систему контролю, компромісів і конвенцій, до якої активно залучалися тогочасні українські інтелектуали.

Збірка художньо-публіцистичних творів видатного сучасного українського кінематографіста Юрія Іллєнка слово за словом, думка за думкою незворотно доводить, що майбутнє нашої Батьківщини в руках нас самих, українців. Треба лише зрозуміти як скористатися своїми можливостями. У роки Другої світової війни в окопах друкований аркуш був на вагу золота. Тому на листівках читали наказ: "Прочти и передай товарищу". Коли ми впритул наблизимося до виборів у Верховну Раду, то темники Медведчука-Кучми видуться нам безневинними дитячими забавками. Інформаційні канали будуть заблоковані для всіх, крім нової Влади. Тоді ця книжка знадобиться: "Прочитай і передай товаришеві. Прочитай і відішли своїм батькам, дітям друзям і навіть тим, хто традиційно відхрещується від своїє долі словами: "Мене це не стосується". Для широкого загалу.

№ 7. - 1996. - 95 с.

Взагалі книжка подана в яскравому світлі. Великі, броскі іллюстрації, вірші легко запам`ятовуються , в кінці книжки яскравий англійський алфавіт. Багатоманітність кольорів, незнайомі тваринки обов’язково cподобаються малюку. Та й подарунок це чудовий, особливо якщо це буде перша абетка в житті! Ця книга здобула ряд перемог на престижних книжкових конкурсах: "Найкраще дитяче видання 1999 р." на конкурсі "Книга року"; ґран-прі Івана Федорова конкурсу "Мистецтво книги"; 1-шу премію Форуму видавців України (1999) та ін. Проілюстрував книгу Кость Лавро - один із найталановитіших українських книжкових графіків.