Рассмотрены вопросы проектирования нечетких систем в пакете Fuzzy Logic Toolbox вычислительной среды MATLAB. Даны необходимые сведения в области теории нечетких множеств и нечеткой логики. Приведен теоретический материал по проектированию нечетких систем. Изложены теория нечеткой идентификации, методы нечеткой кластеризации и их применение для экстракции нечетких правил, а также метод принятия решений в нечетких условиях на основе слияния целей и ограничений. Рассмотрены авторские расширения пакета для проектирования нечетких классификаторов, построения иерархических нечетких систем, обучения нечетких баз знаний типа Мамдани, а также для логического вывода при нечетких исходных данных. Книга может использоваться как учебное пособие к университетским курсам по интеллектуальным системам, искусственному интеллекту, теории принятия решений и методам идентификации. Для проектировщиков систем, будет полезна научным сотрудникам, аспирантам и студентам старших курсов, интересующимся применением теории нечетких множеств в управлении, идентификации, обработке сигналов, а также разработчикам интеллектуальных систем поддержки принятия решений в медицине, биологии, социологии, экономике, политике, спорте и в других областях.

This book provides a detailed description of the general principles and strategies for solving chemical synthesis problems of complex organic molecules. It is the only book to deal systematically with the fundamental principles of synthetic problem solving.

James House's revised Principles of Chemical Kinetics provides a clear and logical description of chemical kinetics in a manner unlike any other book of its kind. Clearly written with detailed derivations, the text allows students to move rapidly from theoretical concepts of rates of reaction to concrete applications. Unlike other texts, House presents a balanced treatment of kinetic reactions in gas, solution, and solid states. The entire text has been revised and includes many new sections and an additional chapter on applications of kinetics. The topics covered include quantitative relationships between molecular structure and chemical activity, organic/inorganic chemistry, biochemical kinetics, surface kinetics and reaction mechanisms. Chapters also include new problems, with answers to selected questions, to test the reader's understanding of each area. A solutions manual with answers to all questions is available for instructors. A useful text for both students and interested readers alike, Dr. House has once again written a comprehensive text simply explaining an otherwise complicated subject.

James House's revised Principles of Chemical Kinetics provides a clear and logical description of chemical kinetics in a manner unlike any other book of its kind. Clearly written with detailed derivations, the text allows students to move rapidly from theoretical concepts of rates of reaction to concrete applications. Unlike other texts, House presents a balanced treatment of kinetic reactions in gas, solution, and solid states. The entire text has been revised and includes many new sections and an additional chapter on applications of kinetics. The topics covered include quantitative relationships between molecular structure and chemical activity, organic/inorganic chemistry, biochemical kinetics, surface kinetics and reaction mechanisms. Chapters also include new problems, with answers to selected questions, to test the reader's understanding of each area. A solutions manual with answers to all questions is available for instructors. A useful text for both students and interested readers alike, Dr. House has once again written a comprehensive text simply explaining an otherwise complicated subject.

Aeronautics. - 227 p.

This handy resource offers busy network administrators clear and concise information for daily on-the-job tasks—all in a portable format. Key management tasks are presented in logically organized sections, with special emphasis on system administration. You'll get details on file, print, application, mail, terminal, streaming media, and remote servers—and much more.

До книжки ввійшли дві головні праці видатного австрійського філософа Людвіга Вітгенштайна (1889—1951). Перша з них, «Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus», дає нове поняття філософії як відмови від будь-якої форми системної побудови і визначає її мету як логічне пояснення думок. Вихідний пункт цих ідей — міркування, що сучасний світ є вже не світом речей, а світом фактів у логічному просторі. У другій праці «Філософські дослідження» стисло викладено думки про філософію мови, багатство і оригінальність яких справили великий вплив на сучасне західноєвропейське мислення і визначили нові напрямки в модерній лінгвістиці. Ще більше значення має ця праця як модель філософського методу.

This revised and considerably expanded 2nd edition brings together a wide range of topics, including modal, tense, conditional, intuitionist, many-valued, paraconsistent, relevant, and fuzzy logics. Part 1, on propositional logic, is the old Introduction, but contains much new material. Part 2 is entirely new, and covers quantification and identity for all the logics in Part 1. The material is unified by the underlying theme of world semantics. All of the topics are explained clearly using devices such as tableau proofs, and their relation to current philosophical issues and debates are discussed. Students with a basic understanding of classical logic will find this book an invaluable introduction to an area that has become of central importance in both logic and philosophy. It will also interest people working in mathematics and computer science who wish to know about the area.

Ideal for a first course in digital electronics, yet comprehensive enough for use by students at the senior design project level and EET professionals, Digital Design with CPLD Applications and VHDL uses programmable logic as the primary vehicle for instructing readers in the principles of digital design. More specifically, emphasis is on Complex Programmable Logic Devices (CPLDs) and the software tools used for their programming, with a decided shift away from fixed-function SSI and MSI devices. Immediately following discussion of digital fundamentals (e.g., Boolean algebra, logic minimization, combinational and sequential circuits), Digital Design with CPLD Applications and VHDL introduces its readers to Complex Programmable Logic Devices (CPLDs). Subsequent chapters on the MAX+PLUS II design environment, combinational logic functions, arithmetic circuits, latches and flip-flops, PLD architecture, counters and shift registers, and state machines are all based primarily on CPLDs and VHDL programming. By featuring VHDL and MAX+PLUS II applications throughout the book, readers are guaranteed exposure to this new digital paradigm as an integral part of their training, rather than as an optional add-on. Digital Design with CPLD Applications and VHDL also includes a CD-ROM that provides the reader with a complete digital design and prototyping system that can be used at school…or at home. Included are graphic design files, VHDL files, plus all of the simulation files from the examples presented in the book. Readers may opt to run simulations or program CPLDs with these ready-to-use, error-free files. Or, they may choose to use the files as templates for their own modifications.

An introduction to automatic control systems and components that is both comprehensive and up-to-date. Logically organized, this book takes the reader on a journey through a control system. Each chapter examines a different functional part, followed by discussion of control units and control strategies that serves to put these parts together in a full-function control system.

Книга посвящена систематическому изложению теории искусственных нейронных сетей, аппарату нечеткой логики и так называемым гибридным нейронным сетям. Показана связь между моделями трех указанных направлений и их применение к задачам управления и принятия решений. Рассмотрена пpограммная реализация данных моделей с помощью инструментальных средств математической системы MATLAB 5.2/5.3 - пакетов Neural Networks Toolbox (нейронные сети) и Fuzzy Logic Toolbox (пакет нечеткой логики).

Data mining involves the non-trivial extraction of implicit, previously unknown, and potentially useful information from databases. Genetic Programming (GP) and Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) are two of the approaches for data mining. This book first sets the necessary backgrounds for the reader, including an overview of data mining, evolutionary algorithms and inductive logic programming. It then describes a framework, called GGP (Generic Genetic Programming), that integrates GP and ILP based on a formalism of logic grammars. The formalism is powerful enough to represent context- sensitive information and domain-dependent knowledge. This knowledge can be used to accelerate the learning speed and/or improve the quality of the knowledge induced. A grammar-based genetic programming system called LOGENPRO (The LOGic grammar based GENetic PROgramming system) is detailed and tested on many problems in data mining. It is found that LOGENPRO outperforms some ILP systems. We have also illustrated how to apply LOGENPRO to emulate Automatically Defined Functions (ADFs) to discover problem representation primitives automatically. By employing various knowledge about the problem being solved, LOGENPRO can find a solution much faster than ADFs and the computation required by LOGENPRO is much smaller than that of ADFs. Moreover, LOGENPRO can emulate the effects of Strongly Type Genetic Programming and ADFs simultaneously and effortlessly. Data Mining Using Grammar Based Genetic Programming and Applications is appropriate for researchers, practitioners and clinicians interested in genetic programming, data mining, and the extraction of data from databases.

This book sets out to explain the complex nature of Russian foreign policy in the post-Soviet era, from the collapse of the USSR in December 1991 and the accession of Boris Yeltsin to the end of Vladimir Putin’s second year as President of the Russian Federation. The tale narrated in the coming pages is a messy one, beset by innumerable contradictions and flavoured by human personality to an uncommon degree. When Winston Churchill speculated that the key to understanding Russia might be ‘national interest’, he could little have imagined the extent to which, more than half a century later, the foreign policy of the largest of the post-Soviet successor states would so reflect the perversity of human nature. Far from exhibiting an underlying if specific pragmatism, Moscow’s relations with the outside world have been liberally streaked with irrationality – at least as we might understand it in the West – and dominated by fundamental dichotomies: continuity and change, consensus and conflict. Easy assumptions about a broader ‘national interest’ and common priorities have been challenged by the politics of sectionalism and personalities, with rationality and logic acquiring multiple, contradictory forms. We enter a realm of smoke and mirrors in which little is as it seems, and where illusion and mythmaking are as much a part of reality as ‘reality’ itself.

This powerful study tool is the best tutor you can have if you want top grades and thorough understanding of the fundamentals of computing with C++, the computing language taught at 83% of all colleges. This student-friendly study guide leads you step-by-step through the entire computer science course, giving you 420 problems with fully worked solutions and easy-to-follow examples for every new topic. You get complete explanations of data abstraction, recursion, Standard C++ container classes, searching, sorting algorithms, and other complex concepts, simplified and illustrated so they're easy to grasp. You also get additional practice problems to solve on your own, working at your own speed. This superb study guide covers the entire course, from logic to libraries. If you're taking introduction to computer science, this book will be your best friend. It's perfect for independent study, too!

This text is designed for an introductory quarter or semester course in algorithms and data structures for students in engineering and computer science. It will also serve as a reference text for programmers in C++. The book presents algorithms and data structures with heavy emphasis on C++. Every C++ program presented is a stand-alone program. Except as noted, all of the programs in the book have been compiled and executed on multiple platforms. When used in a course, the students should have access to C++ reference manuals for their particular programming environment. The instructor of the course should strive to describe to the students every line of each program. The prerequisite knowledge for this course should be a minimal understanding of digital logic. A high-level programming language is desirable but not required for more advanced students. The study of algorithms is a massive field and no single text can do justice to every intricacy or application. The philosophy in this text is to choose an appropriate subset which exercises the unique and more modern aspects of the C++ programming language while providing a stimulating introduction to realistic problems. I close with special thanks to my friend and colleague, Jeffrey H. Kulick, for his contributions to this manuscript.

Welcome to Upgrading to Microsoft Windows 2000 Training Kit. This kit introduces you to the Windows 2000 family of products, prepares you to install the Windows 2000 software, and prepares you to upgrade your Microsoft Windows NT 4.0 network to a Windows 2000 network. This kit concentrates on Windows 2000 Server and on Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), the network protocol of choice for Windows 2000. It also emphasizes the Domain Name System (DNS), which is an Internet and TCP/IP standard name service and required for Windows 2000 domains and directory services based on Active Directory technology. Active Directory directory services integrate the Internet concept of a namespace with Windows 2000 directory services. Active Directory directory services use DNS as the domain naming and location service, so Windows 2000 domain names are also DNS names. In fact, the core unit of logical structure in Active Directory directory services is the domain. In this kit, you will learn how to install, navigate, and administer the Windows 2000 Active Directory directory services.

Security and cryptography, while always an essential part of the computing industry, have seen their importance increase greatly in the last several years. Microsoft's .NET Framework provides developers with a powerful new set of tools to make their applications secure. .NET Security and Cryptography is a practical and comprehensive guide to implementing both the security and the cryptography features found in the .NET platform. The authors provide numerous clear and focused examples in both C# and Visual Basic .NET, as well as detailed commentary on how the code works. They cover topics in a logical sequence and context, where they are most relevant and most easily understood.

This clear, logical text provides you with unparalleled information on installing, configuring, and troubleshooting ISA Server 2004 by teaching you to create a supporting infrastructure, automate client provisioning, troubleshoot upgrade issues and more.

With an emphasis on the philosophy,this text examines formal ways of representing uncertainty (presented in terms of definitions and theorems) and considers various logics for reasoning about it.

The number of models available in neural network literature is quite large. Very often the treatment is mathematical and complex. This book provides illustrative examples in C++ that the reader can use as a basis for further experimentation. A key to learning about neural networks to appreciate their inner workings is to experiment. Neural networks, in the end, are fun to learn about and discover. Although the language for description used is C++, you will not find extensive class libraries in this book. With the exception of the backpropagation simulator, you will find fairly simple example programs for many different neural network architectures and paradigms. Since backpropagation is widely used and also easy to tame, a simulator is provided with the capacity to handle large input data sets. You use the simulator in one of the chapters in this book to solve a financial forecasting problem. You will find ample room to expand and experiment with the code presented in this book.