Written by an international team of contributors, this comprehensive reference includes more than 300 up-to-date entries covering a wide range of topics in international trade, finance, production, and economic development. These topics include concepts and principles, models and theory, institutions and agreements, policies and instruments, analysis and tools, and sectors and special issues. Each entry includes cross-references and a list of sources for further reading and research. Complete with an index and a table of contents that groups entries by topic, The Princeton Encyclopedia of the World Economy is an essential resource for anyone who needs to better understand the global economy.

Vol. 1 : Afghanistan to Czech Republic. - 633 p.

Covering nearly 200 countries, this yearbook is filled with background notes reports from the U.S. Department of State. Entries typically cover geography, history, government and political conditions, economy, and state of relations with the United States. Also highlights detailed travel notes, including passport applications, visa requirements, regulations and duties, medical information, and national holidays, as well as international adoption regulations and annually updated comprehensive terrorism reports.

This new set helps students better understand commonly studied math concepts by illustrating their use in everyday life. Everyday tasks are designed to support the modern mathematics curriculum and contain examples related to the global economy. Grade 6-9-From concept to copyediting, this unwieldy survey of applied mathematics falls short in nearly every aspect. Each of the 80 alphabetically arranged chapters, from Addition to Zero-Sum Games, takes on a curriculum-centered topic. They open with a definition, close with a brief list of further sources, and in between quickly lay out fundamental terms and ideas, historical background, and descriptions of Real-life Applications. The latter often include word (rarely number) examples, but also tend to be nonspecific, if not outright simplistic; online purchasing over a secure connection is safe, for instance, because hackers can't decode the content even if they somehow manage to intercept the message somehow. Under Algebra, the entry on making tradeoffs between lifespan and voltage when Buying Light Bulbs assumes that small variations in voltage are an option. In addition, despite substantial duplication of topics, there are no see references to connect related entries, such as those for carbon dating or sports wagering. Printed in two large volumes of dense, double-columned, seldom-illustrated text, this is less likely than the textbooks that it is supposed to compliment.

Vol. 1 : United Nations. - 413 p.

For each of "America's top cities", this source provides a map; brief entries on geography; history; population profiles; government; economy; education; health care; recreation including arts and culture, festivals, and sports; transportation, and communications.

Vol. 1 : From Cristopher Columbus to the Robber Barons (1492-1900). - 416 p.

The first comprehensive financial history of the United States in more than thirty years. Accessible to undergraduate level readers, it focuses on the growth and expansion of banking, securities, and insurance from the colonial period right up to the incredible growth of the stock market during the 1990s and the attack on the World Trade Center in 2001. The author traces the origins of American finance to the older societies of Europe and Northern Africa, and shows how English merchants transferred their financial systems to America. He explains how financial matters dominated the founding and development of the colonies, and how financial concerns incited the Revolution. And he shows how the Civil War began the transformation of America from a small economy largely dependent on foreign capital into a complex capitalist society. From the Civil War, the nation's financial history breaks down into periods of frenzied speculation, quiet growth, periodic panics, and furious periods of expansion, right up through the incredible growth of the stock market during the 1990s.

The Encyclopedia of Governance provides a one-stop point of reference for the diverse and complex topics surrounding governance for the period between the collapse of the post-war consensus and the rise of neoliberal regimes in the 1970s. This comprehensive resource concentrates primarily on topics related to the changing nature and role of the state in recent times and the ways in which these roles have been conceptualized in the areas of Political Science, Public Administration, Political Economy, and Sociology.

What's the difference between a biome and an ecosystem? Why are krill so important to ocean creatures? How do pesticides end up in the tissue of fish-eating birds? Why are marshes so important to wildlife? To understand the answers to questions like these, students need to understand the cycles and systems that regulate biomes. Encyclopedia of Biomes offers detailed comparative essays on 12 major biomes and their component ecosystems. Alphabetically arranged entries on land biomes and water biomes range from 35 to 45 pages each and cover climate, elevation, soil, water bodies, vegetation, animal life, food web, plant and animal adaptations, endangered species, human effects on the biome and the effects of the environment on humans' culture and economy. Includes overviews and descriptions on how specific biomes are formed, 120 black-and-white photos and three 16-page color inserts, 12 maps, glossary, bibliography and an easy-to-use index. Here's what's covered: Coniferous forest, Deciduous forest, Desert, Grassland, Rain forest, Tundra, Wetland, Ocean, Seashore, Continental margin, Lake and pond, River and stream

Vol. 1 : Alabama to Montana. - 1 - 503 pp.

Since 1996, readers relied on the Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East for clear, authoritative background on one of the most complex and important regions of the world. With nearly 600 new entries and 1,000 updates, this second edition reflects the far-reaching changes the Middle East has undergone in recent years, making it more relevant and more necessary than ever before. Much has changed in the past eight years, and the need for information generated by the events of September 11, 2001 and the military action in Afghanistan and Iraq makes this unbiased revision essential. The set covers the modern history of the Middle East and North Africa, with major sections on Colonialism and Imperialism, the World Wars, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the United Nations involvement in the region. Each country in the region is reviewed, detailing its population, economy and government. With 3,000 nonpartisan articles written by specialists in anthropology, history, political science, religion and social sciences, this four-volume set is an indispensable tool in understanding the region's people, places, events and ideas.

Two sharply contrasting views of China exist today. On the one hand a rising superpower predicted to have the largest economy in the world by mid century, on the other hand a brutal, anachronistic and authoritarian regime, a threat to geo-stability and to the economies of the industrial world. So which China is the real China? Randall Peerenboom addresses this question by exploring China's economy, political and legal system, and most controversially, its record on civil, political and personal rights in the context of the developing world. Avoiding polemic and relying on empirical evidence, he compares China's performance not with first world countries such as the US and UK but with other middle income countries and highlights the often hypocritical stance of an international community which demands standards from others that it does not match at home. He also critically evaluates the benefits of globalisation and democratisation and the normative values of the West set against Beijing's determination to retain its cultural and political integrity. This book seeks to bridge the gap in understanding about China and to create a firmer foundation for mutual trust, while recognising that there are inevitable risks in a shift in global power of this magnitude that will require hard headed pragmatism at times where interests collide.

The authors present the complete guide to ANSI standard C language programming. Written by the developers of C, this new version helps readers keep up with the finalized ANSI standard for C while showing how to take advantage of C's rich set of operators, economy of expression, improved control flow, and data structures. The 2/E has been completely rewritten with additional examples and problem sets to clarify the implementation of difficult language constructs. For years, C programmers have let K&R guide them to building well-structured and efficient programs. Now this same help is available to those working with ANSI compilers. Includes detailed coverage of the C language plus the official C language reference manual for at-a-glance help with syntax notation, declarations, ANSI changes, scope rules, and the list goes on and on.

Successfully managing the relationship between business and technology is a daunting task faced by all companies in the twenty-first century. Beyond Software Architecture is a practical guide to properly managing this mission-critical relationship. In our modern economy, every software decision can have a significant impact on business; conversely, most business decisions will influence a software application's viability. This book contains keen insights and useful lessons about creating winning software solutions in the context of a real-world business

The explosive growth of the Internet economy over the past several years and new IP-based enterprise applications has heightened requirements for continuous availability of mission-critical data. Today's network administrators and managers are under big pressure to satisfy ever-increasing demands from customers, suppliers, and employees for 100 percent network resource availability and access to applications and data. The end result is that the cost of a network security breach has never been higher. Accordingly, the demand for networking professionals with expert-level network security configuration and troubleshooting skills is also great. The Cisco Systems CCIE Security certification is a prestigious program that sets the professional benchmark for internetworking expertise, validating proficiency with advanced technical skills required to design, configure, and maintain a wide range of network security technologies.

HAVE YOU HEARD of the World Wide Web? If so, your understanding of this exciting new medium has probably evolved somewhat over the past few years. Here is a common evolutionary trajectory: What is this Web thing? The Web is just a flash in the pan. The Web is actually pretty cool. Hmmm, maybe we can make money on the Web. The Web is the cornerstone of the New Economy. There is no New Economy. What was that Web thing? When things change this fast, humans have a hard time adapting, keeping up, and just plain understanding what's going on. But people's reactions to the Web changed so fast precisely because so few of us really understood what it is. In fact, most of us didn't have the time to think hard about how Web sites could truly be useful and good things and how important sound design principles are to making them so. Frenzied anxiety forced us to rush to legions of "experts" who played upon our fears that "we didn't get it." Through hype and jargon (not to mention wildly creative business modeling), they bullied us back to where we are today: square one. As we return to the drawing board to figure out what we should do with the Web and our Web sites, what we needed all along becomes clear: fundamentals and fundamentally sound advice to help us think for ourselves and design for our users. Fortunately, this wonderful little book is still here to show us those fundamentals. Patrick Lynch and Sarah Horton aren't trying to scare you with hype or jargon. They're just trying to get you to slow down, take a deep breath, and think for yourself. They'll teach you basic design principles as well as tricks of the trade, ranging from interaction design to typography, so that you can develop your own Web site or better understand and communicate with the people who are doing that work for you. More important, they will give you a broad framework that will help you understand the Big Picture of Web design. Even if you don't agree with all of their advice, you'll have a starting point from which to develop your ideas and practices. If you're new to the Web, this is the book for you. It will give you a broad overview of a very complicated subject and get you started in the right direction. It will also make you look very smart when you carry it into meetings with your Web team. And if you're battle-scarred, weary, and preparing mentally to do battle again, this is the book for you. It will help you synthesize what you've learned over these past few years and reshape your approach to Web site design from a more reasoned and realistic perspective. And it will also make you look very smart when you carry it into meetings with your Web team. Now get back to it!

Details what ordinary life was like during the extraordinary years of the reign of Soviet Union. Thirty-six illustrations, thematic chapters, a glossary, timeline, annotated multimedia bibliography, and detailed index make it a sound starting point for looking at this powerful nation's immediate past. What was ordinary life like in the Soviet police state? The phrase daily life implies an orderly routine in a stable environment. However, many millions of Soviet citizens experienced repeated upheavals in their everyday lives. Soviet citizens were forced to endure revolution, civil war, two World Wars, forced collectivization, famine, massive deportations, mass terror campaigns perpetrated against them by their own leaders, and chronic material deprivations. Even the perpetrators often became victims. Many millions, of all ages, nationalities, and walks of life, did not survive these experiences. At the same time, millions managed to live tranquilly, work in factories, farm the fields, serve in the military, and even find joy in their existence. Structured topically, this volume begins with an historical introduction to the Soviet period (1917-1991) and a timeline. Chapters that follow are devoted to such core topics as: government and law, the economy, the military, rural life, education, health care, housing, ethnic groups, religion, the media, leisure, popular culture, and the arts. The volume also has two maps, including a map of ethnic groups and languages, and over thirty photographs of people going about their lives in good times and bad. A glossary, a list of student-friendly books and multimedia sources for classroom and/or individual use, and an index round out the work, making it a valuable resource for high school as well as undergraduate courses on modern Russian and Soviet history. Copious chapter endnotes provide numerous starting points for students and teachers who want to delve more deeply.

The Bronze Age was a formative period in European history when the organization of landscapes, settlements, and economies reached a new level of complexity. This book presents the first in-depth, comparative study of household, economy, and settlement in three microregions: the Mediterranean (Sicily), central Europe (Hungary), and northern Europe (south Scandinavia). The results are based on ten years of fieldwork employing similar documentation, and scientific analyses were used in each of the regional studies, making controlled comparisons possible. The new evidence demonstrates how differences in settlement organization and household economies were counterbalanced by similarities in the organized use of the landscape in an economy dominated by the herding of large flocks of sheep and cattle. The eight chapters in this book provide a new, contextualized understanding of the social and economic complexity of the Bronze Age. Its innovative theoretical and methodological approaches are of relevance to all researchers of landscape and settlement history.

Since January 2007 Ukraine has a law mandating open access to publicly funded research. Most of the Parliament members supported it. And it is already the second parliamentary inquiry mandating the Cabinet of Ministers to take actions on creating favourable conditions for developing open access repositories in archives, libraries, museums, scientific and research institutions with open access condition to publicly funded research. Nevertheless bottom-up approaches of Ukrainian Universities and research centres as well as political support from the principle legislative body in the country have still not resulted into a network of well-functioning institutional repositories. The article highlights recent open access developments and presents the lists of open access benefits for the countries and regions.