В учебном пособии рассматриваются теоретико-методологические проблемы социальной работы с лицами и группами девиантного поведения. Рекомендуется студентам, аспирантам, преподавателям, научным сотрудникам, практическим социальным работникам, а также всем, кто интересуется данной проблематикой.

Опитування населення України, проведене Київським міжнародним інститутом соціології на замовлення Міжнародного центру перспективних досліджень

A survey of Ukrainian population by Kiev International Institute of Sociology commissioned by the International Centre for Policy Studies kyiv. This publication was prepared as part of the “Policy Campaign for Tobacco Control” Project, implemented by the ICPS with funding from the International Renaissance Foundation and the Open Society Institute. This report on the results of sociological survey was written by Tatiana Andreeva. The report was prepared with the support from the following experts: Andriy Bega, Judith Watt, Konstantin Krasovsky, Maksym Mashlyakivsky, Victor Stepanenko, Ihor Shevliakov. Design and layout: Ostap Stasiuk

This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNODC would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source.

Vol. 1, № 2. - 2001. - 145 p.

Интерес, который проявляет ЮНИСЕФ к изучению проблемы детской бедности, связан с тем, что невозможность для детей воспользоваться в жизни теми возможностями, которых они лишаются по причине бедности, приводит к необратимым изменениям как в их дальней жизни, так и в жизни того общества, где они живут. В практическом смысле для Российской Федерации определенный интерес представляет тот факт, что защита детей от самых уродливых проявлений бедности в раннем возрасте, когда развивается их молодой организм и формируется характер, является одновременно как признаком цивилизованного общества, так и средством решения некоторых из очевидных проблем, влияющих на качество жизни в экономически развитых странах.

С того самого момента, как на планете возник вид homo sapiens, женщины и мужчины торговали своим телом. Но все наблюдатели - врачи, историки, моралисты, полицейские, идеологи, художники, романисты - соглашаются в том, что в XIX веке проституция радикально изменила свой облик, свой статус и даже, не побоимся этого слова, саму свою природу. Что же произошло? Об этом обстоятельно и подробно расскажет вам эта книга.

Исследовательский труд Джозефа де Бекера повествует об истории квартала Есивара - места, где находились публичные дома старого Токио (Эдо). Автор знакомит с классификацией публичных домов, приводит медицинскую и юридическую статистику, детально описывает быт гейш. Вы узнаете, что входило в обязанности гейш, сколько стоили их услуги, во что одевались японские куртизанки, какие прически они носили и многое, многое другое.

Tobacco is in the news on a daily basis. Politicians from President Clinton down to members of local city councils are actively fighting the tobacco industry. The once-invincible industry has settled lawsuits for hundreds of billions of dollars. Many states are initiating major efforts to do something meaningful about the half-million needless deaths that tobacco causes in America every year.

Spirits are all the rage today. Two-thirds of Americans drink, whether they enjoy higher priced call brands or more moderately priced favorites. From fine dining and piano bars to baseball games and backyard barbeques, drinks are part of every social occasion. In The Prohibition Hangover, Garrett Peck explores the often-contradictory social history of alcohol in America, from the end of Prohibition in 1933 to the twenty-first century. For Peck, Repeal left American society wondering whether alcohol was a consumer product or a controlled substance, an accepted staple of social culture or a danger to society. Today the legal drinking age, binge drinking, the neoprohibitionist movement led by Mothers Against Drunk Driving, the 2005 Supreme Court decision in Granholm v. Heald that rejected discriminatory curbs on wine sales, the health benefits of red wine, advertising, and other issues remain highly contested. Based on primary research, including hundreds of interviews with those on all sides--clergy, bar and restaurant owners, public health advocates, citizen crusaders, industry representatives, and more--as well as secondary sources, The Prohibition Hangover provides a panoramic assessment of alcohol in American culture. Traveling through the California wine country, the beer barrel backroads of New England and Pennsylvania, and the blue hills of Kentucky's bourbon trail, Peck places the concerns surrounding alcohol use within the broader context of American history, religious traditions, and governance. Society is constantly evolving, and so are our drinking habits. Cutting through the froth and discarding the maraschino cherries, The Prohibition Hangover examines the modern American temperament toward drink amid the $189-billion-dollar-a-year industry that defines itself by the production, distribution, marketing, and consumption of alcoholic beverages.

В работе характеризуется современное состояние и развитие наркотизма как социального явления. Половозрастной и социальный состав наркоманов, тяжкие социальные последствия применения наркотиков, преступная деятельность тех, кто участвует в их распространении, - вот неполный перечень вопросов, рассматриваемых в книге. Представляет интерес описание положительного опыта работы по предупреждению наркомании.

There is nothing new about homelessness. There have been homeless people for some 10,000 years—from the time when humans built their first permanent homes in the first towns of the Fertile Crescent. The historical record, novels and poems, and sacred texts tell us the stories of beggars, wandering ascetics, penniless friars, displaced peasants, lost soldiers, street youths, vagrants, new arrivals in the city, and displaced workers. Homelessness has changed over the years. In the United States, during the late nineteenth century, it was hoboes and tramps who drew the attention of the public, the police, and then the social reformers of the Progressive Era. From the 1920s through the Great Depression, attention shifted to the skid rows, home to transient workers and retired single men. The decline of skid rows in the 1970s was followed by a new era of homelessness with many formerly institutionalized people—who had untreated or poorly treated emotional disorders—winding up on the streets of America. In the 1980s, the nature of homelessness changed again. Growing economic inequality, racism, a permanent decrease in the number of well-paid unskilled jobs, and a lack of affordable housing combined to make several million people—many of them African-American women and their children—homeless on America’s streets, in shelters, in motels, and in substandard and temporary apartments. This pattern continues in 2004. Homelessness is not just a U.S. problem, although when viewed cross-culturally, it becomes a more complex issue. In many developed nations, homeless families, many of them immigrants, are the major issue. In the developing nations of Asia, Africa, and Latin America, the homeless are often women and their children, youths, and migrants from rural areas who have come to cities looking for work and opportunity. The emergence of many cities in developing nations as major regional or global commercial centers has made the problem even worse, by increasing the appeal of cities as employment centers to the rural poor while at the same time providing less and less affordable housing and support services for immigrants. The goal of the Encyclopedia of Homelessness is to summarize our knowledge of homelessness. This includes describing the patterns of homelessness in the past, focusing on the recent and current situation in the United States, and sampling homelessness around the world. Entries cover causes; history; legal issues, advocacy, and policy; legislation and programs; lifestyle and health problems; organizations; research; services and service settings; size and perceptions; subpopulations and lifestyles; and world issues and perspectives. Descriptive articles cover homelessness today in eight major American cities and more than thirty cities and nations around the world. These entries allow for quick and easy comparisons.

Most people have an idea of what it means to be poor. We think of conditions like hunger, homelessness, preventable diseases, unemployment, and illiteracy as elements of poverty. Those and other issues will be covered later in this book. However, from a social and economic standpoint, poverty is a complex topic that can be difficult to describe in objective terms. Most governments and social service agencies have their own definitions of poverty, including how it is measured and who is considered poor.

The sense that well-being remains elusive, transitory, and unevenly distributed is felt by the rich as well as the poor, and in all societies. To explore this condition of existential dissatisfaction, the anthropologist Michael Jackson traveled to Sierra Leone, described in a recent UN report as the “least livable” country in the world. There he revisited the village where he did his first ethnographic fieldwork in 1969-70 and lived in 1979. Jackson writes that Africans have always faced forces from without that imperil their lives and livelihoods. Though these forces have assumed different forms at different times—slave raiding, warfare, epidemic illness, colonial domination, state interference, economic exploitation, and corrupt government—they are subject to the same mix of magical and practical reactions that affluent Westerners deploy against terrorist threats, illegal immigration, market collapse, and economic recession. Both the problem of well-being and the question of what makes life worthwhile are grounded in the mystery of existential discontent—the question as to why human beings, regardless of their external circumstances, are haunted by a sense of insufficiency and loss. While philosophers have often asked the most searching questions regarding the human condition, Jackson suggests that ethnographic method offers one of the most edifying ways of actually exploring those questions.