Uncover the necessary steps to building successful software applications.

Vol. 1 : Foundations : Ideas and People. - 320 p.

Computers, Chess, and Cognition presents an excellent up-to-date description of developments in computer chess, a rapidly advancing area in artificial intelligence research. This book is intended for an upper undergraduate and above level audience in the computer science (artificial intelligence) community. The chapters have been edited to present a uniform terminology and balanced writing style, to make the material understandable to a wider, less specialized audience. The book's primary strengths are the description of the workings of some major chess programs, an excellent review of tree searching methods, discussion of exciting new research ideas, a philosophical discussion of the relationship of computer game playing to artificial intelligence, and the treatment of computer Go as an important new research area. A complete index and extensive bibliography makes the book a valuable reference work. The book includes a special foreword by Ken Thompson, author of the UNIX operating system.

Practice gets a raw deal in the field of applied linguistics. Most laypeople simply assume that practice is a necessary condition for language learning without giving the concept much further thought, but many applied linguists eschew the term practice. For some, the word conjures up images of mind-numbing drills in the sweatshops of foreign language learning, while for others it means fun and games to appease students on Friday afternoons. Practice is by no means a dirty word in other domains of human endeavor, however. Parents dutifully take their kids to soccer practice, and professional athletes dutifully show up for team practice, sometimes even with recent injuries. Parents make their kids practice their piano skills at home, and the world’s most famous performers of classical music often practice for many hours a day, even if it makes their fingers hurt. If even idolized, spoiled, and highly paid celebrities are willing to put up with practice, why not language learners, teachers, or researchers?

This book was based on Allen Downey's How to Think Like a Computer Scientist, a clear and helpful first-year computer science textbook, which was also released under GNU Free Documentation License. The book's goal is to teach you to think like a computer scientist. This way of thinking combines some of the best features of mathematics, engineering, and natural science. Python was chosen to translate Allen's original Java version because it provides a really nice balance between the practical and the conceptual. Since Python is interpreted, beginners can pick up the language and start doing neat things almost immediately without getting lost in the problems of compilation and linking. Furthermore, Python comes with a large library of modules that can be used to do all sorts of tasks ranging from web-programming to graphics. Having such a practical focus is a great way to engage students and it allows them to complete significant projects.

Applied Linguistics is not interpreted as a reduction of (theoretical) linguistics, nor as simply applying linguistic theories and methodologies. Rather, the assumption is that Applied Linguistics is a problem-oriented and problem-solving activity. As such, it is actively involved in the development of innovative theoretical approaches as well as practical solutions, drawing on insights from linguistics, but also from neighbouring disciplines such as psychology, anthropology, sociology, pedagogy, computer science, etc.

You have just picked up a most interesting book. To understand how interesting it is, you have to take a short trip with me back in time. It is September of 1968. You are in Philadelphia, and you are going to study computer science at a major university. The computer system you are going to work on costs in the neighborhood of several million dollars. The computer's time is scheduled twenty-four hours a day, for its time is even more valuable than your own. The concept of shutting the operating system down to allow you to practice writing an operating system is not even considered. If you (the lowly student or researcher) wish to practice writing an operating system, you use a hardware emulator (written in software) that runs on top of the hugely expensive computer system. Time moves on. It is now 1977, and some of the first microcomputers are coming out. They are still relatively expensive, and they have very small memories and disks. While students can work on writing device drivers and other small additions to various "sample" operating systems, having the entire source code for an industry-capable operating system and hardware that would be capable of solving "real" problems is still not in the grasp of the average student. Now it is 1994. "PC" hardware has become much more sophisticated, and a new operating system is beginning to make its presence known. The source code for this operating system is available over the Internet, and large numbers of people are working with it, improving it, and fashioning it for a commercial market. Yet there is still something missing, for while the hardware for "simple" tasks is within the realm of the average user (or even wealthy college student), there are a class of problems that are designated for those awesome systems known as "supercomputers"—systems that still cost many millions of dollars to build, beyond the reach of all but a few of the most prestigious universities and laboratories.

This powerful study tool is the best tutor you can have if you want top grades and thorough understanding of the fundamentals of computing with C++, the computing language taught at 83% of all colleges. This student-friendly study guide leads you step-by-step through the entire computer science course, giving you 420 problems with fully worked solutions and easy-to-follow examples for every new topic. You get complete explanations of data abstraction, recursion, Standard C++ container classes, searching, sorting algorithms, and other complex concepts, simplified and illustrated so they're easy to grasp. You also get additional practice problems to solve on your own, working at your own speed. This superb study guide covers the entire course, from logic to libraries. If you're taking introduction to computer science, this book will be your best friend. It's perfect for independent study, too!

"Liberal Utilitarianism and Applied Ethics" explores the foundations of early utilitarianism as well as the theoretical basis of social ethics and policy in modern Western welfare states. Matti Hayry shows how philosophers have misunderstood the very nature of utilitarianism since the turn of the 19th century and identifies the resulting problems in contemporary utilitarianism. Hayry argues that when the classical utilitarian principles of happiness, hedonism and impartiality are combined, the ensuing ethical theory may demand that we act immorally or unjustly. This is because the scope of the utilitarian theory has been extended too far. Hayry develops a more limited utilitarian theory based on the ethos of early British universal altruism. He argues that a limited version of liberal utilitarianism and the methods of applied ethics should be employed to define our moral duties and rights. This is an important book in current discussions on social ethics and policy. Hayry's accomplished defense of utilitarian morality is certain to provoke debate.

This book has evolved over many years from lecture notes that accompany certain upper-division courses in mathematics and computer sciences at our university. These courses introduce students to the algorithms and methods that are commonly needed in scientific computing. The mathematical underpinnings of these methods are emphasized as much as their algorithmic aspects. The students have been diverse: mathematics, engineering, science, and computer science undergraduates, as well as graduate students from various disciplines. Portions of the book also have been used to lay the groundwork in several graduate courses devoted to special topics in numerical analysis, such as the numerical solution of differential equations, numerical linear algebra, and approximation theory. Our approach has always been to treat the subject from a mathematical point of view, with attention given to its rich offering of theorems, proofs, and interesting ideas. From these arise many computational procedures and intriguing questions of computer science.

This book contains invited and contributed papers on combinatorics, random graphs and networks, algorithms analysis and trees, branching processes, constituting the Proceedings of the 3rd International Colloquium on Mathematics and Computer Science that will be held in Vienna in September 2004. It addresses a large public in applied mathematics, discrete mathematics and computer science, including researchers, teachers, graduate students and engineers. They will find here current questions in Computer Science and the related modern and powerful mathematical methods.

This book contains refereed papers which were presented at the 34th Workshop of the International School of Mathematics "G. Stampacchia,” the International Workshop on Optimization and Control with Applications. The book contains 28 papers that are grouped according to four broad topics: duality and optimality conditions, optimization algorithms, optimal control, and variational inequality and equilibrium problems. The specific topics covered in the individual chapters include optimal control, unconstrained and constrained optimization, complementarity and variational inequalities, equilibrium problems, semi-definite programs, semi-infinite programs, matrix functions and equations, nonsmooth optimization, generalized convexity and generalized monotinicity, and their applications.

Knowledge is not absolute. This book is not the last word; it is invitation to discussion of understanding and direction of the new class systems development. It can be used to develop the specification for Artificial Intelligent System design and applications. Collective work and evolution of knowledge will create better understanding of these systems philosophy.

There are two kinds of cryptography in this world: cryptography that will stop your kid sister from reading your files, and cryptography that will stop major governments from reading your files. This book is about the latter. If I take a letter, lock it in a safe, hide the safe somewhere in New York, then tell you to read the letter, that’s not security. That’s obscurity. On the other hand, if I take a letter and lock it in a safe, and then give you the safe along with the design specifications of the safe and a hundred identical safes with their combinations so that you and the world’s best safecrackers can study the locking mechanism—and you still can’t open the safe and read the letter—that’s security. For many years, this sort of cryptography was the exclusive domain of the military. The United States’ National Security Agency (NSA), and its counterparts in the former Soviet Union, England, France, Israel, and elsewhere, have spent billions of dollars in the very serious game of securing their own communications while trying to break everyone else’s. Private individuals, with far less expertise and budget, have been powerless to protect their own privacy against these governments. During the last 20 years, public academic research in cryptography has exploded. While classical cryptography has been long used by ordinary citizens, computer cryptography was the exclusive domain of the world’s militaries since World War II. Today, state–of–the–art computer cryptography is practiced outside the secured walls of the military agencies. The layperson can now employ security practices that can protect against the most powerful of adversaries—security that may protect against military agencies for years to come. Do average people really need this kind of security? Yes. They may be planning a political campaign, discussing taxes, or having an illicit affair. They may be designing a new product, discussing a marketing strategy, or planning a hostile business takeover. Or they may be living in a country that does not respect the rights of privacy of its citizens. They may be doing something that they feel shouldn’t be illegal, but is. For whatever reason, the data and communications are personal, private, and no one else’s business. This book is being published in a tumultuous time. In 1994, the Clinton administration approved the Escrowed Encryption Standard (including the Clipper chip and Fortezza card) and signed the Digital Telephony bill into law. Both of these initiatives try to ensure the government’s ability to conduct electronic surveillance. Some dangerously Orwellian assumptions are at work here: that the government has the right to listen to private communications, and that there is something wrong with a private citizen trying to keep a secret from the government. Law enforcement has always been able to conduct court–authorized surveillance if possible, but this is the first time that the people have been forced to take active measures to make themselves available for surveillance. These initiatives are not simply government proposals in some obscure area; they are preemptive and unilateral attempts to usurp powers that previously belonged to the people. Clipper and Digital Telephony do not protect privacy; they force individuals to unconditionally trust that the government will respect their privacy. The same law enforcement authorities who illegally tapped Martin Luther King Jr.’s phones can easily tap a phone protected with Clipper. In the recent past, local police authorities have either been charged criminally or sued civilly in numerous jurisdictions—Maryland, Connecticut, Vermont, Georgia, Missouri, and Nevada—for conducting illegal wiretaps. It’s a poor idea to deploy a technology that could some day facilitate a police state. The lesson here is that it is insufficient to protect ourselves with laws; we need to protect ourselves with mathematics. Encryption is too important to be left solely to governments. This book gives you the tools you need to protect your own privacy; cryptography products may be declared illegal, but the information will never be.

Windows Forms 2.0 Programming is the successor to the highly praised Windows Forms Programming in C#. This edition has been significantly updated to amalgamate the sheer mass of new and improved support that is encompassed by Windows Forms 2.0, the .NET Framework 2.0, and Visual Studio 2005. This is the one book developers need in order to learn how to build and deploy leading-edge Windows Forms 2.0 applications.

This book tells the history of the many analogies that have been made between the evolution of organisms and the human production of artefacts, especially buildings. It examines the effects of these analogies on architectural and design theory and considers how recent biological thinking has relevance for design. Architects and designers have looked to biology for inspiration since the early 19thcentury. They have sought not just to imitate the forms of plants and animals, but to find methods in design analogous to the processes of growth and evolution in nature. This new revised edition of this classic work adds an extended Afterword covering recent developments such as the introduction of computer methods in design in the 1980s and '90s, which have made possible a new kind of 'biomorphic' architecture through 'genetic algorithms' and other programming techniques.

В связи с тем, что сегодня уровень сложности программного обеспечения очень высок, разработка приложений Windows с использованием только какого-либо языка программирования (например, языка C) значительно затрудняется. Программист должен затратить массу времени на решение стандартных задач по созданию многооконного интерфейса. Реализация технологии связывания и встраивания объектов - OLE - потребует от программиста еще более сложной работы. Чтобы облегчить работу программиста практически все современные компиляторы с языка C++ содержат специальные библиотеки классов. Такие библиотеки включают в себя практически весь программный интерфейс Windows и позволяют пользоваться при программировании средствами более высокого уровня, чем обычные вызовы функций. За счет этого значительно упрощается разработка приложений, имеющих сложный интерфейс пользователя, облегчается поддержка технологии OLE и взаимодействие с базами данных. Современные интегрированные средства разработки приложений Windows позволяют автоматизировать процесс создания приложения. Для этого используются генераторы приложений. Программист отвечает на вопросы генератора приложений и определяет свойства приложения - поддерживает ли оно многооконный режим, технологию OLE, трехмерные органы управления, справочную систему. Генератор приложений, создаст приложение, отвечающее требованиям, и предоставит исходные тексты. Пользуясь им как шаблоном, программист сможет быстро разрабатывать свои приложения. Подобные средства автоматизированного создания приложений включены в компилятор Microsoft Visual C++ и называются MFC AppWizard. Заполнив несколько диалоговых панелей, можно указать характеристики приложения и получить его тексты, снабженные обширными комментариями. MFC AppWizard позволяет создавать однооконные и многооконные приложения, а также приложения, не имеющие главного окна, -вместо него используется диалоговая панель. Можно также включить поддержку технологии OLE, баз данных, справочной системы. Конечно, MFC AppWizard не всесилен. Прикладную часть приложения программисту придется разрабатывать самостоятельно. Исходный текст приложения, созданный MFC AppWizard, станет только основой, к которой нужно подключить остальное. Но работающий шаблон приложения - это уже половина всей работы. Исходные тексты приложений, автоматически полученных от MFC AppWizard, могут составлять сотни строк текста. Набор его вручную был бы очень утомителен. Нужно отметить, что MFC AppWizard создает тексты приложений только с использованием библиотеки классов MFC (Microsoft Foundation Class library). Поэтому только изучив язык C++ и библиотеку MFC, можно пользоваться средствами автоматизированной разработки и создавать свои приложения в кратчайшие сроки.